Amakhodi Ezizwe: I-ISO Nokushayela

Amakhodi Ezwe Achazwe: I-ISO 3166 Nokushayela Kwamazwe Ngamazwe

Ikhodi yezwe ingumbono omfushane omela izwe ukuze imishini, amanethiwekhi, kanye nezinhlelo zocingo kungadingeki bavumelane ngendlela yokubhala. Ngemuva kwamalebula amabili amancane owabona nsuku zonke kunemindeni emibili ehlukene yamakhodi elula ukudida: izinga le-ISO 3166 elibhekwe yi-International Organization for Standardization, kanye namakhodi wokushaya ocingo aqondiswa yi-International Telecommunication Union. Zifana, zivamise ukwaba amagama, kodwa ziphathwa ngokwahlukene futhi zisetshenziselwa izinto ezehlukene ngokuphelele.

I-ISO 3166: alpha-2, alpha-3 nezinombolo

I-ISO 3166-1 ichaza amakhodi amathathu ahambisana kanye ezweni ngalinye kanye nezindawo eziningi ezincike kwamanye amazwe. Ikhodi ye-alpha-2 ingamagama amabili futhi iyikhodi eyejwayelekile ejwayelekile: US ye-United States, GB ye-United Kingdom, DE yeGermany, JP yeJapan, BR yeBrazil. Ikhodi ye-alpha-3 ingamagama amathathu futhi ifundeka njengegama lezwe, okwenza kube lula ukuthi abantu bayibone: USA, GBR, DEU, JPN, BRA. Ikhodi ye-numeric-3 iyinombolo yamadijithi amathathu njenge-840 ye-US, 826 ye-UK noma 276 yeGermany. Lezi zinombolo zihambisana ne-United Nations Statistics Division futhi zinenzuzo ethuleyo eyodwa: azinawo amagama esiLatini, ngakho zisebenza ngokufana ezinhlelweni zesi-Arabhu, zesiShayina, noma zesi-Cyrillic lapho kudingeka isibonakalisi esingenqumeli uhlobo lokubhala.

Lezi zinhlobo ezintathu azishintshaniswa ngokwesiko kepha ngokuya ngendawo esetshenziswa. Ikheli lewebhu lisebenzisa i-alpha-2, indawo efundwa umshini yephasipoti isebenzisa i-alpha-3, kanti isethi yedatha yezibalo eweza izilimi eziningi ingase ithande izinombolo. Ukwazi ukuthi ikhodi ingeyaphi umndeni ngokuvamile kukutshela ukuthi yenziwe yini.

Lapho kuvela khona amakhodi ezwe e-ISO

Uma usuqala ukubheka, amakhodi we-alpha-2 avela yonke indawo. Amadomeni aphezulu wekhodi yezwe (ccTLDs) njenge-.fr, -.ca, -.de kanye ne-.jp asuselwa ngqo ku-ISO 3166-1 alpha-2, yingakho i-.uk iyimpazamo enganjalo, njengoba ikhodi ye-ISO ngokwezobuchwepheshe iyi-GB. Izibonakalisi zendawo ezisetshenziswa i-software namawebhusayithi zihlanganisa ulimi nesigodi ngendlela efanayo, njenge-en-US, en-GB, pt-BR noma fr-CA, ukuze uhlelo lukwazi ukukhetha ifomethi yosuku efanele, ukubhalwa, kanye nemali.

Amazinga emali ancike kula makhodi nawo. Amakhodi emali e-ISO 4217 avamise ukwakhiwa ekhodini yezwe ye-alpha-2 kanye nagama lemali, ngakho US kanye no-D kunikeza i-USD, GB kanye no-P kunikeza i-GBP, futhi JP kanye no-Y kunikeza i-JPY. Lobo bunhlobonhlobo obuhlelekile yikho kanye okusebenzisa i-isishintshanisi semali lapho selikhomba ifulegi noma izwe ezingeni lokushintshaniswa elifanele. Amabhange nawo athembela ku-alpha-2: izinhlamvu ezimbili zokuqala zanoma iyiphi i-IBAN ziyikhodi yezwe, ngakho DE ikhomba i-akhawunti yaseGermany kanti FR ikhomba eyaseFrance. Uzowabona futhi lamakhodi emalebuleni okuthumelwa kwempahla, amafomu ezokungenisa nokuphuma, kanye nezimpawu zokubhaliswa kwezindiza.

Amakhodi wokushayela amazwe ngamazwe (izinombolo eziqala nge-+)

Amakhodi ezwe ocingo ohlelo oluhluke ngokuphelele. Yizinombolo ozishayayo ukufinyelela ucingo kwelinye izwe, zibhalwa nophawu lokwengeza olubhekiselele kunoma yisiphi isandulela sokufinyelela kwamazwe ngamazwe olusetshenziswa inethiwekhi yakho yendawo, esivamise ukuba yi-00 kuningi komhlaba noma i-011 eNyakatho Melika. Amakhodi ahlukaniswe ngokuya ngesifunda. INyakatho Melika yabelana ngekhodi eyodwa, +1, ehlanganisa i-United States, iCanada, kanye namazwe amaningi asemakhaya olwandle e-Caribbean. Ingxenye enkulu ye-Afrika iqala nge-2, ingxenye enkulu yaseYurophu iqala nge-3 kanye ne-4, kuqhubeke kanjalo. Amazwe amakhulu athole amakhodi amafushane amadijithi amabili ekuqaleni, njenge-+44 ye-United Kingdom, +49 yeGermany, +33 yeFrance kanye ne-+81 yeJapan, kuyilapho izindawo ezincane zabelwa amakhodi amadijithi amathathu kamuva.

Inombolo egcwele yamazwe ngamazwe yakhiwe ngoludwendwe: isandulela sokufinyelela, bese kulandela ikhodi yezwe yokushayela, bese kulandela ikhodi yesifunda noma yedolobha lapho kufanele khona, bese kulandela inombolo yombhaleli. Ngoba i-+1 yabelwana yiningi lamazwe kanti i-+44 iyeyodwa iyi-UK, ikhodi yokushayela ayihambisani kanye nekhodi ye-ISO. Lokho ukungahambisani yisona sizinda esidonsa ukudideka okuvamile, ngakho kufanele uhlole zombili izigaba emathebuleni wethu wereferensi kunokucabanga ukuthi amagama nenombolo yokushayela zihambisana.

Ambalwa afanele uwakhumbule

Uma ukhumbula ambalwa nje, benze abavamile: United States US / USA / 840 ne-+1; United Kingdom GB / GBR / 826 ne-+44; Germany DE / DEU / 276 ne-+49; France FR / FRA / 250 ne-+33; Japan JP / JPN / 392 ne-+81; China CN / CHN / 156 ne-+86; Brazil BR / BRA / 076 ne-+55. Uma unalezo, iningi lamaphethini ezinye izingxenye zomhlaba liba nokujwayeleka.

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