Ulwazi lwesizinda ne-WHOIS

Yini ukuhlola i-WHOIS / isizinda okukutshela khona ngempela

Bhala isizinda kuleli thuluzi futhi uthole irekhodi lokubhaliswa lasemphakathini elingemuva kwaso: ubani ongumbhalisi (registrar), izinsuku ezibalulekile, izimpawu zesimo umbhaliso azibekile, kanye namaseva egama aphendulayo egameni lakho. Sikhipha leyo datha ngokuphila kusuka embhalisweni nge-RDAP, sengeze amarekhodi e-A ne-NS esizinda kanye nobudala obulinganiselwe ukuze ukwazi ukubona konke ngokubheka okukodwa. Akukho i-akhawunti, akukho ukungena kusakhelo somuntu.

Abantu basalibiza ngokuthi "ukuhlola i-WHOIS" ngomkhuba, futhi igama lifanele ukugcinwa ngoba lichaza into wonke umuntu ayaziyo. Ngaphansi kwakho, nokho, lokho ubuza khona ezikhathini zanamuhla yi-RDAP.

Ukusuka ku-WHOIS kuya ku-RDAP

Iphrothokholi ye-WHOIS yasekuqaleni isuka ezikhathini zokuqala ze-inthanethi. Wawuvula uxhumo olungabethelwe kuphothi 43, uthumele igama lesizinda, futhi uthole umbhalo ovulekile obuyayo. Kwakusebenza, kodwa kwakunezinkinga: akukho okwakubethelwe, akukho isimo esimile, futhi umbhaliso ngamunye wawubeka impendulo yawo ngendlela ehlukile, ngakho isofthiwe kwakufanele iqagele ukuthi igama lombhalisi liphela kuphi bese kuqala izinsuku.

I-RDAP — iRegistration Data Access Protocol — ilungisa konke lokho. Isebenza nge-HTTPS, ngakho umbuzo nempendulo kubethelwe esikhundleni sokuhamba obala. Ibuyisela i-JSON ehlelekile, okusho ukuthi ithuluzi lingafunda insimu ngayinye ngokuthembeka esikhundleni sokukhupha umbhalo. Futhi iyaziphatha kahle izinhlamvu ezingezona ze-Latin, ngakho izizinda ze-Cyrillic, Chinese, noma Arabic zibuya zilungile. I-ICANN isikade ihlehlisa i-WHOIS isebenzisa i-RDAP kuma-TLD avamile (.com, .net, .org nezinye), futhi i-RDAP manje isijwayelo esidingekayo kuwo. Amaningi ama-TLD wamazwe asasebenzisa i-WHOIS yakudala, ngakho uzohlangana nazo zombili isikhathi esithile.

Yini insimu ngayinye esho khona

Nakhu indlela yokufunda umphumela.

Umbhalisi (registrar) yinkampani isizinda esabhaliswa ngayo — i-GoDaddy, i-Namecheap, i-Cloudflare, nokunye. Akudingeki ukuba ngumnikazi; ngumthengisi ophatha ukubhaliswa.

Usuku lokudalwa (ngezinye izikhathi olubizwa ngosuku lokubhaliswa) yisikhathi isizinda saqala ukubhaliswa. Usuku lokuphela yisikhathi ithemu yokubhaliswa yamanje iphelela khona, futhi usuku lokuvuselelwa luphawula isikhathi sokugcina irekhodi lashintsha. Lezi zinsuku ezintathu zitshela iningi lendaba: ubudala begama, ukuthi lizophela nini, futhi ukuthi kukhona okushintshile muva nje.

Amakhodi esimo aziyimpawu ezimfushane ezibekwa umbhalisi noma umbhaliso. Ozobona kakhulu clientTransferProhibited, evala isizinda ekuthuthelweni kwaso komunye umbhalisi ngaphandle komnikazi wokuvula kuqala. Kuwuphawu lokuqinisekisa okuvamile, hhayi isexwayiso — akuthinti i-DNS, i-imeyili, noma noma yini esebenzayo. Amakhodi afana ne-clientHold (isizinda asinawo lo bekwa) noma i-pendingDelete abaluleke kakhulu, ngakho kuwusizo ukwazi ukuthi akhona.

Amaseva egama ngamaseva anegunya aphendula imibuzo ye-DNS yesizinda. Akutshela ukuthi ubani ohostela ngempela izoni, ngokuvamile kuyimpawu yokuthi umhlinzeki noma i-CDN eyiphi esemuva kwesayithi. Uma ufuna ukumba ngokujulile ngalokho amaseva lawa akushicilelayo, sebenzisa ukuhlola i-DNS kwethu, futhi ubheke lapho amakheli ehlala khona nge-thuluzi lokuhlola i-IP.

Kungani igama lomnikazi livame ukufihlwa

Uma ukwenzile ukuhlola ulindele igama lomuntu ne-imeyili wathola "Redacted for Privacy" esikhundleni salokho, kuyinto ejwayelekile manje. Lapho i-GDPR isebenza eYurophu, i-ICANN yaphoqa abambhalisi ukuyeka ukushicilela imininingwane yokuxhumana yomunye yomqondisi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Iningi labanikazi nalo bakhokhela izinsizakalo zobumfihlo noma zokumela ngaphezu kwalokho.

Ngakho into yomuntu siqu — igama, i-imeyili, ikheli leposi — ngokuvamile efihliwe. Idatha yobuchwepheshe ayifihlwa: umbhalisi, izinsuku, amakhodi esimo, amaseva egama, futhi ngokuvamile izwe lombhalisi liyabonakala kahle. Uma udinga ngempela ubunikazi obungemuva kwesizinda (ingxabano yomthetho, isibonelo), lokho kuhamba ngenqubo yesicelo ye-ICANN esikhundleni sokuhlola komphakathi.

Ubudala besizinda, nokuthi kungani kufanele ubuhlole

Usuku lokudalwa lukunika ubudala besizinda, futhi leyo nombolo isindwa ngaphezu kokuthi ibukeka. I-Google ithe ubudala ngokwabo akusiyo into eyodwa ephethe umkhawulo wokuklama izinga, kodwa izinto eziza nobudala ngokuvamile ziyakwenza: iminyaka yezixhumanisi ezibuyayo, okuqukethwe okufakiwe, ukusesha kohlobo, kanye nomlando omuhle. Ucwaningo lwemiphumela ephezulu luhlala luthola ukuthi amakhasi ahamba phezulu avame ukuba nabudala beminyaka embalwa. Isizinda esidala esinomlando ohlanzekile kuyisiqalo esihle; isizinda esidala esinomlando wokuthumela ama-spam kungaba yinkinga, yingakho ngempela uhlola ngaphambi kokuthenga.

Nsuku zonke, ukuhlola okufanayo kubamba iningi. Bheka usuku lokuphela ukuze isizinda okukhathaleleyo singakhohlwa siphele. Qinisekisa umbhalo ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi umbhalisi nezinsuku zihambisana nalokho inkampani ithi kunjalo. Futhi wenze ucwaningo oluyisisekelo ngaphambi kokuthenga — igama elabhaliswa ngesonto eledlule nelibanjwe ngokuqinile iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu kuyizinto ezihluke kakhulu, ngisho ngentengo efanayo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa