Ukubhekisela nedatha

Amathebula okubheka ngokushesha ongawasebenzisa ngempela

Eminye imibuzo ivela njalo naJalo. Iyiphi inombolo uhlamvu u-A ku-ASCII? Yikuphi ikhodi yokufoni ocindezela uma ubiza iBrazil? Yini i-MIME type ye-fayela le-.webp, futhi? Ungagcina ithebhu yebrawuza ivulekile kusizinda esisandulele, noma ungabheka nje ethebulini elihlanzekile ubuyele emsebenzini. Leyo nketho yesibili yiyona ekhulunywa ngayo kuleli khasi.

Iqoqo lokubheka ku-speedor.net liqoqa ukubheka abantu abakufuna kakhulu: amabanga phakathi kwamadolobha, amakhodi wamazwe (ISO kanye nokufoni), izinhlobo ze-MIME, i-ithebula le-ASCII, ithebula eliphelele lezinto ezingasoze zaguqulwa (periodic table), kanye nohlu lwama-emoji olucingwayo. Konke kulayisha ebrawuza, akukho ukubhalisa, futhi akukho okumele ufake. Uthayipha, ubheka, ukopishe inani olidingayo.

Ngobani abakubhekayo

Abathuthukisi, iningi, kodwa hhayi bodwa. Umenjinela wangemuva ohlola isihloko se-Content-Type, umfundi ozilungiselela ukuhlolwa kwe-chemistry, umhambi ecabanga ukuthi angashaya kanjani ekhaya, umbhali odinga uphawu noma uhlamvu olunophawu olufanele, isisebenzi sokusekela esiqinisekisa ikhodi yezwe yezinhlamvu ezimbili yefomu. Imisebenzi ehlukene, isidingo esifanayo: impendulo ethembekile ngemizuzwana embalwa, ngaphandle kokuxova okuzungeze amaningi alamathebula kwenye indawo.

Ithebula le-ASCII

I-ASCII imele American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Uhlelo lwe-7-bit oluhambisanisa izinhlamvu ezingu-128 nezinombolo, futhi kudala isekela ikhompyutha ngokuthula kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1960. Amakhodi angu-32 okuqala azizinhlamvu ezingaprintiwe zokulawula — izinto ezinjenge-tab, umugqa omusha, kanye nokubuyisa ikhalishi — okwake kwalawula ama-teletype nama-printer. Amakhodi angu-32 kuya ku-126 iqoqo eliprintekayo: isikhala, izinombolo, ukuphumzeka kanye nonobumba baseLatin obafundayo manje. Ithebula libonisa uhlamvu ngalunye ku-decimal, hexadecimal, octal, kanye ne-binary, okuyilokho ngempela okudingayo lapho uhlaziya inkinga ye-encoding noma uthola ukuthi kungani umugqa uhleleka ngendlela ohleleka ngayo.

Amakhodi wamazwe: ISO nokufoni

Kunezinhlelo ezimbili ezigqoke igama elifanayo. I-ISO 3166-1 inikeza izwe ngalinye ikhodi yezinhlamvu ezimbili (njenge-DE), ikhodi yezinhlamvu ezintathu (DEU), kanye nenani — lawa ngamakhodi avela emagameni edomeni, amathebula wemali, kanye nezinkambu zedatabhesi. Amakhodi wokufoni yinto ehlukile, elawulwa yi-ITU, futhi yilokho ngempela okucindezela ocingweni. Ukubiza phesheya wakha isakhombisi sokuphuma (ngokuvamile u-00 noma, e-North America, u-011), bese kulandela ikhodi yezwe, bese kulandela inombolo yendawo. Ithebula lethu le-amakhodi wamazwe lihlanganisa konke lokhu ecaleni komunye ukuze ungabi nesidingo sokuqhathanisa amasayithi amathathu ukugcwalisa ifomu elilodwa.

Izinhlobo ze-MIME

Izinhlobo ze-MIME — ezibizwa nangokuthi izinhlobo zemidiya — zitshela isofthiwe ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwefayela ebukayo. Lapho iseva yewebhu ithumela ikhasi, ifaka isihloko se-Content-Type esinjenge-text/html noma i-image/png, futhi ibrawuza isebenzisa lokho ukunquma ukuthi ingavezela, ilande, noma idlale into. Uma ulenzile ngokungalungile isitayela sakho sesigaba asiyi kulayika noma i-PDF yakho ivule njengento engenamqondo. I-imeyili nayo ithembela kulawo maphawu ukuze ihlanganise amafayela ngokulungile. Isibambiso setextu emile yi-text/plain, futhi lapho kungekho okunye okulingana, isofthiwe izimisela ku-application/octet-stream — indlela enomusa yokusho "ilande nje." Uhlu lwethu lwe-izinhlobo ze-MIME luhlanganisa uhlobo ngalunye nesixhawulisi sefayela lalo esivamile ukuze uhlanganise okukodwa nokunye ngokushesha.

Ithebula lezinto ezingaguqulwa (periodic table)

I-ithebula lezinto ezingaguqulwa lihlela izinto ezaziwayo zonke ngenombolo ye-athomu — ukubalwa kwama-proton enucleus. Lifunde kusukela kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla, ukusuka phezulu kuya phansi, futhi leyo nombolo ikhula ngokukodwa isinyathelo ngasinye. Amakholomu (amaqembu) aqoqa izinto ezine-chemistry efanayo; imigqa (izikhathi) ilandelela ukuthi ama-electron shell agcwala kanjani. Iseli ngalinye liphethe uphawu, igama, inombolo ye-athomu, kanye nobuningi be-athomu, okwanele umsebenzi wesikole, ukubalwa kwelabhorethi, noma ukuqeda impikiswano yomdlalo wemibuzo mayelana nokuthi iyiphi into eyiphi.

Amabanga kanye nama-emoji

Insiza yokubheka ibanga phakathi kwamadolobha ikunikeza inani lomugqa oqondile, njengoba iwundlela ihamba, phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili kokubili ngamakhilomitha nangamamayela — kuwusizo lokuhlela uhambo olungajwayelekile, ukulinganisela ukuthunyelwa, noma ukwanelisa nje ukuzibuza ukuthi amadolobha amabili aseduze kangakanani ngempela. Futhi uhlu lwama-emoji luvala izinto: ithebula elicingwayo kubabhali nabantu abaxoxayo abafuna ubuso noma uphawu oluthile ngaphandle kokuskrola isikhethi esingapheli.

Konke lokhu kwakhelwe ukuba sheshe futhi kufane ne-offline — amathebula amancane, agxile aphendula umbuzo owodwa ngokuhlanzekile. Akukho ama-akhawunti, akukho ama-pop-up, akukho ukulinda imizuzwana eyishumi isikhangiso silayisha. Beka izikhangiso zalezo ozivakashela kaningi futhi zizoba ithebhu emabala uma uzidinga.

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