Teburin ma'auni cikin sauri wanda za ka iya amfani da su ainihi
Wasu tambayoyi suna faruwa akai-akai. Wanne lamba ce harafin A a ASCII? Wace lambar wayar tarho za a danna don kiran Brazil? Menene MIME type na fayil ɗin .webp, kuma? Za ka iya ci gaba da buɗe tab a burauza zuwa wani babban tsari, ko kuma ka duba shi cikin tebur mai tsafta ka kuma koma aiki. Wannan zaɓi na biyu shine abin da wannan shafi yake magana akansa.
Tarin ma'auni a speedor.net yana tattara neman da mutane suke yawan gudanawa: nisan tsakanin birane, lambobin ƙasa (ISO da lambar wayar tarho), MIME types, tebur ASCII, cikakken tebur periodic, da jerin emoji mai bincike. Komai yana lodawa a burauza, babu shiga asusu, kuma babu abin da za a sanya. Ka rubuta, ka bincika, ka kuma kwafi darajar da kake buƙata.
Wanene ke amfani da wadannan
Masu shirye-shirye, galibi, amma ba kaɗai ba. Injiniyan baya na uwar garke da ke duba kanun Content-Type, ɗalibin da ke shirya jarabawar sinadarai, matafiyi da ke ƙoƙarin gano yadda za a kira gida, marubuci da ke neman alamar da ta dace ko harafi mai lafazi, wakilin taimako da ke tabbatar da lambar harafi-biyu na ƙasa don wata fom. Ayyuka daban-daban, buƙata iri ɗaya: amsa mai amincewa cikin dakika kaɗan, ba tare da datti da ke kewaye da yawancin wadannan tebura a wasu wurare ba.
Tebur ASCII
ASCII yana nufin American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Tsari ne na 7-bit wanda ke haɗa harufa 128 zuwa lambobi, kuma yana tallafawa kwamfuta a shiru tun daga 1960s. Lambobi 32 na farko sune harufan sarrafawa marasa buga — abubuwa kamar tab, sabon layi, da carriage return — wadanda da can suke jagorantar teletypes da na'urar bugawa. Lambobi 32 zuwa 126 sune rukunin da za a iya bugawa: sarari, lambobi, alamun rubutu, da harufan Latin da kake karantawa yanzu. Teburin yana nuna kowace harafi a decimal, hexadecimal, octal, da binary, wanda daidai shine abin da kake buƙata lokacin da kake gyara matsalar encoding ko gano me ya sa kirtin ke tsari kamar yadda yake yi.
Lambobin ƙasa: ISO da lambar wayar tarho
Akwai tsari biyu masu suna iri daya a zahiri. ISO 3166-1 tana ba kowace ƙasa lamba harafi-biyu (kamar DE), lamba harafi-uku (DEU), da lamba na ƙidaya — wadannan sune lambobin da ke bayyana a sunayen domain, teburin kuɗi, da filayen bayanan bayanai. Lambobin wayar tarho wani abu ne daban, wanda ITU ke gudanarwa, kuma sune abin da ka ke ainihin bugawa cikin waya. Don kiran waje, ka haɗa alamar fita (galibi 00 ko, a Arewacin Amirka, 011), sannan lambar ƙasa, sannan lambar gida. Teburin lambobin ƙasa ɗinmu yana jera duk wadannan tare, don kada ka bincika shafuka uku don cika fom guda.
Nau'ukan MIME
MIME types — wanda ake kira nau'ukan kafofin watsa labarai (media types) — suna gaya wa manhaja irin fayil da take dubawa. Lokacin da uwar garkar yanar gizo ke aika shafi, tana haɗa da kanun Content-Type kamar text/html ko image/png, kuma burauza tana amfani da wannan don yanke shawara ko za ta nuna, sauke, ko kunna abin. Ka yi kuskure kuma stylesheet ɗinka ba zai lode ba ko PDF ɗinka ya buɗe cikin haruffa marasa fahimta. Imel yana dogaro da alamomi iri ɗaya don haɗa fayiloli daidai. Madadin rubutu talaka shine text/plain, kuma lokacin da babu abin da ya dace, manhaja ta zaɓi application/octet-stream a matsayin tsoho — wata hanya mai kirki ta cewa "sai kawai a sauke shi." Jerin MIME types ɗinmu yana haɗa kowane nau'i da ƙari na fayil ɗin da ya saba don ka daidaita su a cikin dubawa guda.
Tebur periodic
Tebur periodic yana tsara kowane sinadari da aka sani ta lambar atom — ƙidayar protons a tsakiya. Karanta shi daga hagu zuwa dama, daga sama zuwa ƙasa, kuma lambar tana ƙaruwa da ɗaya a kowane mataki. Ginshiƙai (groups) suna tara sinadarai masu kama sinadarai; layuka (periods) suna bin diddigin yadda kwas ɗin electrons ke cikawa. Kowace tantanin yana ɗauke da alama, suna, lambar atom, da nauyin atom, wanda ya ishe don aikin gida, lissafin dakin gwaji, ko warware gardama a dare na tambaya game da wanne sinadari ne wanne.
Nisa da emoji
Neman nisan birni yana ba ka lambar layi kai-tsaye, kamar tashi hankaka, tsakanin wurare biyu duka a kilomita da mil — mai amfani don tsara tafiya na kusa, kimar jigilar kaya, ko sha'awa kawai kan yadda birane biyu suke da nisa ainihi. Kuma jerin emoji yana kammala abin: grid mai bincike ga marubuta da masu magana da suke son fuska ko alama musamman ba tare da yin scroll ta zaɓi marar iyaka ba.
Duk wadannan an gina su don su kasance masu sauri kuma kamar-offline — ƙananan tebura masu mai da hankali wadanda ke amsa tambaya guda cikin tsafta. Babu asusu, babu pop-up, babu jiran dakika goma yayin da talla ke lodawa. Ajiye alamomin waɗanda ka fi amfani da su kuma za su kasance tab guda daga gare ka lokacin da kake buƙatarsu.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Menene ASCII kuma nawa harufa yake da su?
ASCII shine American Standard Code for Information Interchange, lambar 7-bit wadda ke haɗa harufa 128 zuwa lambobi. Lambobi 0 zuwa 31 harufan sarrafawa ne, kuma 32 zuwa 126 sune harufa masu buga, lambobi, da alamun rubutu.
Menene bambanci tsakanin lambobin ƙasa na ISO da lambobin wayar tarho?
Lambobin ISO 3166-1 su ne masu bayyanawa na harafi-biyu, harafi-uku, da ƙidaya wadanda ake amfani da su a manhaja da fom. Lambobin wayar tarho sune lambobin da kake bugawa don kiran ƙasa, wadanda ITU ta kafa. Su tsari ne daban-daban, don haka teburinmu yana nuna duka biyu.
Me ya sa MIME types ke da muhimmanci?
MIME type yana gaya wa burauza ko abokin ciniki na imel irin fayil da yake sarrafawa, wanda aka aika cikin kanun Content-Type. Nau'in da ba daidai ba zai iya hana stylesheet, hoto, ko PDF loding daidai, don haka daidaita nau'i mai kyau ga ƙarin fayil yana da muhimmanci.
Ta yaya zan karanta tebur periodic?
Ana tsara sinadarai ta lambar atom, ƙidayar protons, tana ƙaruwa daga hagu zuwa dama sannan sama zuwa ƙasa. Ginshiƙai suna tara sinadarai masu kama sinadarai, kuma kowace tantanin tana lissafta alama, suna, lambar atom, da nauyin atom.
Shin nisan birni shine nisan tuƙi?
A'a, shine nisan layi kai-tsaye ko kamar tashi hankaka tsakanin wurare biyu, an nuna shi a kilomita da mil duka. Kimar mai kyau ce don tsarawa amma ba ta bin hanyoyi.
Ina bukatar asusu don amfani da wadannan tebura?
A'a. Kowane tebur ma'auni kyauta ne, ba ya buƙatar shiga asusu, kuma yana gudana a burauzarka. Ka nemi darajar da kake buƙata ka kuma kwafa ta, ba tare da datti a hanya ba.