Ikhofi: intengo ihamba kanjani futhi kungani ingagxuma
Ikhofi ingenye yezimpahla ezithambile ezihwebeka ngamandla kunazo zonke emhlabeni, futhi inombolo esibonakala eshadini eliphilayo ngenhla ilandelwa ngokucophelela abalimi, abagcabhi bekhofi, abahwebi, kanye nanoma ubani ofisayo ukwazi ukuthi kungani inkomishi yasekuseni iqhubeka ibiza kakhulu. Intengo oyibonayo ibekwa ezikhungweni zamakusasa, hhayi ekafe, futhi ibonisa ukuncintisana okuhlala khona phakathi kokuthi ikhofi engakanani elinywayo, isimo sezulu siyaphi, kanye nokuthi ezinye izimali ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zinyakaza kanjani. Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi imakethe yamakusasa ekhofi iyiyoni ngempela, yini eyishukumisayo, kungani ingagxuma ngamandla, kanye nendlela yokufunda ishadi.
I-Arabica ne-Robusta: izimakethe ezimbili ezihlukene
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zekhofi ezibalulekile ngokwezentengiselwano, futhi zihweba njengamakhonteraka ahlukene. I-Arabica uhlobo lokhwalithi ephakeme, elithambile eliningi lisetshenziswa ikhofi eyakhiwe kahle nekhofi ephuzwayo. Yakha cishe ingxenye ezintathu kwezine zomkhiqizo womhlaba futhi ilinywa kakhulu eBrazil, eyona nkulu kunazo zonke, kanye neColombia. Ikhonteraka le-Arabica esivamile, elivame ukubizwa nge-"Coffee C," lihweba e-Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) eNew York futhi lithengiswa ngamasenti aseMelika ngephawundi.
I-Robusta uhlobo oluqinile kakhulu, olubaba kakhulu olune-caffeine ephezulu, olusetshenziswa kakhulu ekhofini elikhawuleza (instant) kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwe-espresso. Yakha ingxenye esele engaba yingxenye ezine yomkhiqizo futhi ivela kakhulu eVietnam, umlimi we-Robusta omkhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kanye ne-Indonesia. Amakusasa e-Robusta ahweba e-ICE eLondon. Ngoba i-Arabica ivamise ukubiza cishe kabili ku-Robusta, abagcabhi abangashintsha phakathi kwazo zombili bazokhetha ubhontshisi oshibhile, okusho ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwamanani womabili uwuwo amandla emakethe. Uma i-Arabica ibiza kakhulu, isidingo singashintshela ku-Robusta futhi okuphambene nalokho.
Yini eshayela intengo
Ikhofi umkhiqizo wezolimo ozwakala isimo sezulu olinywa emazweni ambalwa, ngakho intengo yayo icaphuna ngokukhethekile ezehlakalweni ezenzeka ezindaweni ezimbili noma ezintathu. Amandla ambalwa abusa lokhu.
Isimo sezulu eBrazil naseVietnam. Lokhu kuyisici esikhulu kunazo zonke esishukumisayo. IBrazil ihlinzeka cishe amaphesenti angu-40% ekhofi lomhlaba futhi cishe konke i-Arabica yalo, ngakho ukubanda noma isomiso ezindaweni zayo zokulima kungasusa izigidigidi zamasaka ekuhlinzekeni komhlaba jikelele. Ikhofi liyisitshalo se-perennial esinemijikelezo yeminyaka eminingi, okusho ukuthi umonakalo esizinini esisodwa ungehlisa isivuno iminyaka, hhayi izinyanga. IVietnam idlala indima efanayo ku-Robusta: izikhathi ezinde zokoma noma imvula enkulu lapho kubambezela ukuvuna futhi kulimaze ikhwalithi yobhontshisi. Ngoba umhlaba uncike emazweni ambalwa kangaka, ngisho nesibikezelo sesimo sezulu esibi singabangela ukuthenga.
Ukubanda kanye nesomiso. Ibhande lekhofi laseBrazil kwesinye isikhathi libona imimoya ebandayo ebanda ngokwanele ukusongela ukubanda ezifundazweni zaseningizimu, kanti isomiso singacindezela izihlahla ngesikhathi esibalulekile sokukhahlela esibeka usayizi wesivuno esizayo. Noma yisiphi kulezi zehlakalo singathumela amanani phezulu ngamandla. Imvula eyeqile ngesikhathi sesivuno nayo ingalimaza, ibambezele ukoma futhi kukhuphule ubungozi begciwane ezihlahleni.
Izivuno kanye nezitoko. Izibikezelo zezitshalo ezinkulu zicindezela phansi amanani; ukuhlinzeka okuqinile kuwaphakamise. Abahwebi babheka ngokucophelela izilinganiso ezisemthethweni zezivuno zaseBrazil naseVietnam, futhi balandelela izitoko ezinesitifiketi ezigcinwe ezikhungweni ezivunyelwe yizikhungo zokuhweba. Uma izitoko ze-Arabica ezinesitifiketi ze-ICE zehlela emazingeni angakaze abonwe eminyakeni eminingi, kubonisa ukuhlinzeka okuqinile esikhathini esiseduze futhi kuvamise ukusekela intengo.
I-real yaseBrazil kanye nedola laseMelika. Ikhofi lithengiswa ngamadola, kodwa umkhiqizo omningi ulinywa abalimi abakhokhwa ngemali yasekhaya yabo. Uma i-real yaseBrazil ibuthaka ngokumelene nedola, abalimi baseBrazil bathola kakhulu ngokwemali yasekhaya ngentengo efanayo yedola, okubakhuthaza ukuthengisa nokuthumela ngaphandle. Lokho kuthengiswa okwengeziwe kuvamise ukucindezela amakusasa. I-real eqinile yenza okuphambene nalokho. Yingakho ikhofi kwesinye isikhathi linyakaza ngezindaba zemali kunalokho okwenzeka emasimini.
Ukuthutha ngemikhumbi nokuhweba. Ikhofi lihamba ibanga elide ngasolwandle, ngakho izindleko zokuthutha, ukuminyana kwezikhungo zokungena, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwezindlela zokuthutha kungengeza entengweni yokulethwa futhi kucindezele ukuhlinzeka okutholakalayo, ikakhulukazi lapho abathengi sebeshoda kakade.
Kungani ikhofi lingagxuma ngamandla
Ikhofi linegama lokushintsha ngokushesha nangamandla, futhi isizathu siyisakhiwo. Ukuhlinzeka kugxile emazweni ambalwa, isitshalo sithatha iminyaka ukubuyela ekulinganeni ngemuva komonakalo, futhi izitoko zingaba ncane. Hlanganisa lokhu futhi isibikezelo esisodwa sokubanda noma umbiko wesomiso ungasusa ingxenye enkulu yokuhlinzeka okulindelekile cishe ngobusuku, kungekho ndlela esheshayo yokukubuyisela. Abathengi abazama ukubhekana bangenela ngendaba efanayo, bekhulisa ushukumo. Uhlangothi olulodwa yikuthi uma isimo sezulu esihle sibuya futhi isivuno esikhulu sibonakala silungele, amanani angehla ngokushesha okufanayo. Lokhu ukuzwakala ohlangothini lombili kuyinto ejwayelekile kwikhofi futhi kungenye yezizathu zokuthi imakethe iguquguquka kangaka.
Ukufunda ishadi kanjani
Ishadi le-TradingView elingenhla lidwebe intengo yekhofi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Sebenzisa izilawuli zesikhathi ukuze usondele ohlangothini lwamaminithi osukwini kuya emasontweni noma eminyakeni; izikhathi ezimfushane zibonisa umsindo oqhutshwa yizindaba, kanti ezide zembula umkhondo osekelayo. Umgqa ophakamayo yintengo ngamasenti aseMelika ngephawundi. Isilinganiso esiphezulu nesiphansi samasonto angu-52 sinikeza isimo sokuqonda ukuthi izinga lamanje lididekile noma lithobekile ngokomlando. Ivolumu ekhulayo ehambisana nokunyakaza ibonisa ukuqiniseka emumva kwakho, futhi izicu ezinamandla zivame ukuhambelana nezihloko zesimo sezulu ezivela eBrazil noma eVietnam. Ishadi lichaza okwenzekile; alibiki okuzokwenzeka. Ungaqhathanisa ikhofi nezinye izimpahla ezithambile njenge-shukela, noma ubhrawuze izimali, izinsimbi kanye nezinkomba kwikhasi le-zonke izimakethe.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Umehluko phakathi kwekhofi le-Arabica ne-Robusta uyini?
I-Arabica uhlobo olulubi elithambile, olukhwalithi ephakeme oluvame ukusetshenziswa ekhofini elakhiwe kahle nasekhofini eliyisipesheli, elilinywa kakhulu eBrazil naseColombia. I-Robusta iqinile, ibaba kakhulu futhi ine-caffeine ephezulu, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekhofini elikhawuleza nasekuhlanganiseni i-espresso, ilinywa kakhulu eVietnam nase-Indonesia. Zihweba njengamakhonteraka ahlukene amakusasa.
Ukuhweba kwamakusasa ekhofi kwenzeka kuphi?
I-Arabica, eyaziwa nge-Coffee C, ihweba e-Intercontinental Exchange eNew York futhi ithengiswa ngamasenti aseMelika ngephawundi. I-Robusta ihweba e-ICE eLondon. Ishadi eliphilayo kulesi khasi lisakaza intengo yamakusasa.
Yini eyenza amanani ekhofi akhuphuke futhi ehle?
Abashayeli abayinhloko yisimo sezulu eBrazil naseVietnam, ikakhulukazi ukubanda nesomiso, ubukhulu besivuno, amazinga ezitoko ezinesitifiketi, i-real yaseBrazil ngokumelene nedola laseMelika, kanye nesimo sokuthutha ngemikhumbi. Ambalwa kulokhu angadonsa ngamacala ahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Kungani amanani ekhofi engagxuma ngamandla kangaka?
Ukuhlinzeka kugxile emazweni ambalwa futhi isitshalo sithatha iminyaka ukubuyela ekulinganeni ngemuva komonakalo, ngakho isehlakalo esisodwa sokubanda noma isomiso singasusa ingxenye enkulu yokuhlinzeka okulindelekile kungekho ndlela esheshayo yokukubuyisela. Ukuthenga okuzama ukubhekana kukhulisa ushukumo, futhi amanani angehla ngokushesha okufanayo uma isimo sezulu esihle sibuya.
I-real yaseBrazil ithinta kanjani amanani ekhofi?
Ikhofi lithengiswa ngamadola kodwa lilinywa abalimi abakhokhwa ngemali yasekhaya. Uma i-real ibuthaka ngokumelene nedola, abalimi baseBrazil bathola kakhulu ngokwendawo ngentengo efanayo yedola, okukhuthaza ukuthengisa nokuthumela ngaphandle futhi kuvamise ukucindezela amakusasa. I-real eqinile yenza okuphambene nalokho.
Intengo ekulesi khasi ivelaphi?
Ishadi lisakaza intengo ephilayo yamakusasa ekhofi ngokusebenzisa i-TradingView, libuyekeza ngesikhathi sonke sokuhweba. Linikezwa ngenhloso yolwazi kuphela futhi akufanele libhekwe njengeseluleko sokuthenga noma ukudayisa.
Leli khasi lokwazisa kuphela futhi alilona iseluleko sotshalomali. Amanani ezimpahla ziyantengantenga futhi zingashintsha ngokusheshayo. Njalo yenza ucwaningo lwakho ngaphambi kokuthatha izinqumo zezezimali.