I-S&P 500: isibonakaliso semakethe yamasheya ase-US
I-S&P 500 iyisikali esilandelwa kakhulu semakethe yamasheya ase-US. Ilandelela amanani amasheya amakhulu angu-500 ezinkampani ezikhulu kunazo zonke ezibhalisiwe eMelika, azihlanganise abe inombolo eyodwa eshintsha njalo osukwini lohwebo. Uma abantu bethi "imakethe ikhuphukile" noma "imakethe iwile," kunethuba elikhulu bekhuluma nge-S&P 500. Ishadi eliphila kanye nokuhlaziywa okungenhla kukuvumela ukuthi ulandele lapho isikhombisi simi khona njengamanje, kuyilapho lo mhlahlandlela uchaza ukuthi kubalwa yini, kungani kubalulekile, kanye nokuthi yini evame ukukushukumisa.
I-S&P 500 iyini ngempela
I-S&P 500 iyisikhombisi sezinkampani ezizihamba phambili ezingu-500 ezase-US, ezikhethwe ukumela imikhakha emikhulu yomnotho. Amalungu yizimboni ezinkulu, ezisungulwe kahle ezibhalisiwe ku-NYSE noma i-Nasdaq, futhi ndawonye zimboza cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zenani lemakethe yonke yamasheya ase-US. Isikhombisi akulona ifundi ongalithenga ngqo; kuwukulinganisa. Ukuze bathole ukuvezwa, abatshalizimali bathenga ama-index fund, ama-ETF, noma ama-futures ahlose ukuwadida.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, i-S&P 500 ilinganiswa ngenani lemakethe. Umthelela wenkampani ngayinye ulingana nenani layo lonke lemakethe (intengo yesheya iphindwaphindwe ngenani lamasheya omphakathi), hhayi ehlukaniswe ngokulinganayo. Inkampani enkulu inyakazisa isikhombisi kakhulu. Ukuze ubone lokhu, cabanga ilungu ngalinye njengethayela elilinganiselwa ngenani lalo lemakethe: izimbongolo zibusa isikrini, kuyilapho amalungu amancane engabonakala. Izisindo zibuye zibalwe kabusha njengoba amanani eshintsha, ngakho umxube ushintsha njalo.
Kungani kuyisibonakaliso esiyinhloko
Ngoba ibanzi, iyageleza, futhi isekelwe emithethweni, i-S&P 500 seyibe isikali esisimeleyo semasheya ase-US. Abaphathi bezikhwama zezimali bahlolwa njalo bebhekisiswa nayo, futhi ingxenye enkulu yemali ye-index fund emhlabeni ihlobene nayo. Uma umgcini imali efaka imali kwisikhwama sokuthatha umhlala phansi "semakethe yonke" noma "se-S&P 500," empeleni uthenga ingxenye yalezi zinkampani ezingu-500 ngokulingana nosayizi wazo. Lokho kwenza isikhombisi sibe sonke isikali somuzwa wabatshalizimali kanye nesisekelo esiyinhloko sezikhwama zezimali eziningi zesikhathi eside. Ukuze ubone umbono obanzi wendlela ihlala ngayo phakathi kwamanye amathuluzi, bheka zonke izimakethe.
Yini eshukumisa i-S&P 500
Inzuzo yamafemu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isikhombisi silandelela inzuzo. Inzuzo eqinile, ekhulayo phakathi kwamalungu ayo ivame ukukhuphula isikhombisi; imiphumela eyeqisayo noma isiqondiso esibuthaka siyasidonsela phansi. Isizini yenzuzo yekota ngokuvamile iletha izinyakazo ezinamandla njengoba ukulindelwa kuqinisekiswa noma kungahlangabezaniswa.
Amazinga enzalo kanye ne-Fed. Inqubomgomo ye-Federal Reserve ingenye yamandla anamandla kakhulu asebenzayo. Amazinga aphakeme akhuphula izindleko zokuboleka zezinkampani, apholise isidingo sabathengi, futhi enze amabhondi athandeke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namasheya. Ancishisa nenani lamanje abatshalizimali abalibeka enzuzweni elindelekile isikhathi eside esizayo, okucindezela ikakhulukazi izinkampani ezikhula ngokushesha. Amazinga aphansi avame ukwenza okuphambene. Izimakethe zibheka womabili i-Fed ne-10-year Treasury yield ngokuseduze.
Imininingwane yomnotho. Izinombolo zokwenyuka kwamanani, imibiko yemisebenzi, i-GDP, kanye nezibalo zokuchitha kwabathengi kubumba ukulindela ukukhula nokuthi i-Fed izokwenzani ngokulandelayo. Ukumangala okukodwa kungashintsha isikhombisi ngemizuzu.
Isisindo samagama ezobuchwepheshe amakhulu kakhulu. Ukugxila kwesikhombisi kukhulile: amalungu ayishumi amakhulu kunawo wonke abalwa ngengxenye enkulu yesikhombisi, futhi amagama amakhulu kunawo wonke ikakhulukazi ngawezobuchwepheshe namagama ahlobene ne-AI. Ngenxa yokulinganiswa ngenani lemakethe, usuku olukhulu lwamagama ambalwa amakhulu kunawo wonke lungashukumisa sonke isikhombisi ngisho noma amalungu amaningi engahlukile. Yingakho i-S&P 500 neNasdaq 100 egxile ezobuchwepheshe ivame ukuhamba ndawonye.
Indlela yokufunda ishadi elingenhla
Ishadi eliphila lidwebe izinga lesikhombisi ngokwesikhathi. Sondeza uye ekubukeni kweminyaka eminingi ukubona ukuthambekela okukhulayo kwesikhathi eside okuye kwachaza amasheya ase-US ngokomlando, bese usondeza ukufunda izinyakazo zakamuva. Bheka isiqondiso sokuthambekela, ukuthi intengo yenza okuphezulu okuphezulu kakhulu nokuphansi okuphezulu kakhulu (ukhuphukayo) noma okuphezulu okuphansi kakhulu nokuphansi okuphansi kakhulu (owelayo), kanye nendlela iziphatha ngayo eduze kwezingqonqo namageja angaphambilini, avame ukwenza njengesekelo noma ukuphikisana.
Abahwebi abaningi babeka phezulu i-moving average ukuze bathambise umsindo futhi bachaze ukuthambekela, kanye nethuluzi lamandla njenge-MACD ukuze bahlole ukuthi ukunyakaza kunamandla yini emuva kwakho. Ukuqubuka okukhulu kumsebenzi wohwebo eduze kwezikhathi zokukhishwa komnotho noma imihlangano ye-Fed kuvamile. Khumbula ukuthi amaphethini eshadi ezikhathini ezimfushane achaza ukuziphatha kwentengo, hhayi isiqinisekiso salokho okuzayo.
Lesi sihloko sokwaziswa kuphela futhi akulona iseluleko sokutshala imali. Amazinga esikhombisi angehla noma akhuphuke, futhi ukusebenza kwangaphambilini akubikezeli imiphumela yesikhathi esizayo.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Iyini i-S&P 500 ngamazwi alula?
Isikhombisi esilandelela amanani amasheya cishe ezinkampani ezingu-500 ezikhulu kunazo zonke zase-US, zihlanganiswe zibe inombolo eyodwa edlulisela isiqondiso sonke semakethe yamasheya ase-US.
Ngingakwazi ukutshala kuyo i-S&P 500 ngqo?
Cha ngqo, ngoba kuwukulinganisa hhayi impahla yokutshala. Abatshalizimali bathola ukuvezwa nge-index fund, i-ETF, noma i-futures ezakhelwe ukuyilandela.
Kungani ibizwa ngokuthi ilinganiswa ngenani lemakethe?
Umthelela wenkampani ngayinye esikhombisini ulingana nenani layo lemakethe, ngakho izinkampani ezikhulu zinyakazisa isikhombisi kakhulu kunezincane.
Kungani izinkampani ezimbalwa zezobuchwepheshe zithinta kangaka?
Amalungu amakhulu kunawo wonke ikakhulukazi izinkampani ezinkulu zezobuchwepheshe, futhi ngenxa yokulinganiswa ngenani lemakethe usayizi wazo unikeza umthelela omkhulu kuso sonke isikhombisi.
Amazinga enzalo athinta kanjani i-S&P 500?
Amazinga aphakeme akhuphula izindleko zokuboleka, angehlisa isidingo, futhi enze amabhondi ancintisane kakhulu namasheya, okucindezela isikhombisi. Amazinga aphansi avame ukusisekela.
Ihlukile kanjani ne-Dow noma i-Nasdaq 100?
I-S&P 500 ibanzi futhi ilinganiswa ngenani lemakethe kumafemu angu-500. I-Dow ilandelela izinkampani ezingu-30 futhi ilinganiswa ngentengo, kuyilapho i-Nasdaq 100 igxile emagameni amakhulu angeyona ezimali ku-Nasdaq futhi izinzima kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe.