I-Nikkei 225: isilinganiso sesitoko esiyinhloko saseJapane, ngesikhathi sangempela
I-Nikkei 225 iyinombolo eyinhloko yemakethe yesitoko saseJapane - inani elihamba emiscrini eTokyo nasemhlabeni jikelele njalo lapho abantu bebuza ukuthi umnotho waseJapane usebenza kanjani. Ishadi le-TradingView eliphila elingenhla lilandelela isilinganiso ngesikhathi sangempela, ngakho ungabona indlela esiphendula ngayo enanini le-yen, izinqumo ze-Bank of Japan, kanye nokushintsha kwesidingo somhlaba jikelele sobuchwepheshe nezimoto. Leli khasi lichaza ukuthi i-Nikkei 225 ilinganisa ini ngempela, kungani i-yen ibaluleke kangaka kuyo, yini evame ukuyishukumisa, kanye nendlela yokufunda ishadi wena ngokwakho.
Yini i-Nikkei 225
I-Nikkei 225 isilinganiso semakethe yesitoko esakhiwe izinkampani ezingu-225 ezinkulu, ezinamandla, futhi ezibhaliswe emphakathini ku-Tokyo Stock Exchange. Sihlanganisa imikhakha eminingi - ubuchwepheshe, izimoto, imishini, ukuthengisa emahhovisi, ukubanka, nokunye - futhi sithathwa kabanzi njengesilinganiso esiyinhloko sezitoko zaseJapane. Sashicilelwa okokuqala ngo-1950 futhi sigcinwe kusukela ngo-1970 yi-Nihon Keizai Shimbun, iphephandaba lezezimali elaziwa ngokuthi i-Nikkei, okuyilapho lesi silinganiso sithola khona igama laso.
Uphawu olulodwa oluhlukanisa i-Nikkei kwaminingi izilinganiso zesimanje: sisindwa ngentengo, hhayi ngenani lemakethe. Lokho kusho ukuthi ithonya lenkampani lincike entengweni yesabelo hhayi enanini layo lemakethe eliphelele. Isitoko esihwebisana ngentengo ephakeme ngesabelo ngasinye lingashintsha isilinganiso kakhulu kunenkampani enkulu kakhudlwana emasheya ayo aphinde aba shibhile. Lokhu kuguqukayo kufanele kukhunjulwe, ngoba kusho ukuthi amagama ambalwa antengo ephakeme angaqhuba ukunyakaza okukhulu kwansuku zonke. Ukuze uthole umbono obanzi kakhulu ohambisana nenani lemakethe waseJapane, osomabhizinisi bavame ukubheka isilinganiso se-TOPIX eceleni kwe-Nikkei.
Isilinganiso esichema ekuthumeleni ngaphandle
Amaningi wamalungu amakhulu e-Nikkei athola ingxenye enkulu yemali angena ngayo phesheya. Izinkampani zezimoto, amafemu obuchwepheshe, nabakhiqizi bemishini yezimboni bathengisa e-United States, eChina naseYurophu kakhulu kunaseJapane kuphela. Lokho kuchema kokuthumela ngaphandle kubalulekile endleleni lesi silinganiso esiziphatha ngayo: lapho isidingo somhlaba jikelele siqinile, izinzuzo zaseJapane ziyakhuphuka; lapho isidingo sangaphandle siphola, izinzuzo zingahle zicindezelwe ngokushesha. Kuphinde kwenze isilinganiso sibe nomuzwa kubunzima bohwebo namathelevishini, njengoba amandla amaningi enzuzo alele ngaphandle kweJapane.
Uxhumano olubalulekile ne-yen
Uma kunobuhlobo obubodwa obuchaza i-Nikkei 225, ngobuxhumano ne-yen yaseJapane. Ngoba amaningi amalungu ayizinkampani ezithumela ngaphandle, isilinganiso sivame ukunyakaza ngokuphambene nohlobo lwemali: i-yen ebuthaka ivame ukukhuphula i-Nikkei, kuyilapho i-yen eqinile ivame ukusindwa kuyo.
Umshini uyalula. Lapho inkampani enjenge-Toyota noma umkhiqizi wemishini enjenge-Komatsu ethola amadola noma ama-euro phesheya bese ewaguqula abuyele kwi-yen, i-yen ebuthaka isho ukuthi lezo zinzuzo zangaphandle zihunyushwa zibe yi-yen eningi kakhudlwana - amamajini enzuzo akhula ngaphandle kokushintsho kwebhizinisi eliyisisekelo. I-yen eqinile yenza okuphambene, incishise inani lezimali zasekhaya lezokuthengisa phesheya. Yingakho ukunyakaza okukhulu ku-dollar-yen exchange rate kungashintsha isilinganiso sonke ngemizuzu. Ungabuka uhlangothi lohlobo lwemali lwale ndaba ekhasini le-USD/JPY.
Inqubomgomo ye-Bank of Japan
Ihlala emuva kwe-yen i-Bank of Japan, ibhange elikhulu lezwe. Izinqumo zayo zamazinga enzalo nenqubomgomo yezimali ziphakathi kwamandla anamandla kakhulu asebenza phezu kwe-Nikkei. Inqubomgomo ekhululekile kakhulu namazinga enzalo aphansi kuvame ukwenza i-yen ibuthaka, okusekela abathumeli ngaphandle futhi kuvame ukukhuphula isilinganiso. Lapho i-BoJ iqinisa - ikhuphula amazinga noma isikisela ukuthi imali ekhululekile iyaphela - i-yen ivame ukuqina, okungadonsela i-Nikkei phansi ngisho noma umnotho obanzi unempilo. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yamazinga acishe abe ngamaqanda futhi angaphansi kwezero, ukunyakaza kancane kuya kumazinga aphakeme kwenze imihlangano ye-BoJ ibe yisenzakalo esikhulu sesilinganiso, futhi osomabhizinisi bayibheka ngeso lokhozi kokubili isinqumo samazinga kanye nomsindo webhange.
Yini eshukumisa i-Nikkei 225
I-yen. Izinga le-dollar-yen yiyona nto ebukwa kakhulu. I-yen ebuthaka ngokuvamile isekela isilinganiso; i-yen eqinile ivame ukucindezela.
Inqubomgomo ye-Bank of Japan. Izinqumo zamazinga nezimpawu zenqubomgomo zishukumisa i-yen, futhi ngayo, isilinganiso sonke. Ukuqinisa kuvame ukuba umoya ophambene, ukudedela kube umoya osekelayo.
Isidingo somhlaba jikelele sobuchwepheshe nezimoto. Ngoba isilinganiso sichema kubathumeli ngaphandle, isidingo sama-semiconductor, ubuchwepheshe, nezimoto e-US, eChina naseYurophu kungena ngokuqondile emathemba ezinzuzo.
Umuzwa wobungozi bomhlaba jikelele. Njengemakethe enkulu yomhlaba, i-Nikkei ivame ukuthatha isibonelo sayo ku-Wall Street ebusuku kanye nasekunyakazeni okubanzi kwesifiso sobungozi, inqubomgomo yohwebo, nezombangazwe zamazwe.
Indlela yokufunda ishadi
Qala ngesikhathi. Umbono weviki noma wansuku zonke ukhombisa umkhuba obanzi, kuyilapho umbono wosuku uthatha ukuphendula ezindabeni ezintsha - isitatimende se-BoJ, ukunyakaza okukhulu kwe-yen, noma isikhathi esiqinile sasebuchwephesheni base-US. Qaphela amazinga lapho isilinganiso siphenduke khona kaningana esikhathini esidlule; lawo mazinga okusekela nokuvimbela avame ukubaluleka futhi. Gcina iso ekuguquguqukeni eduze kwezenzakalo ezinkulu, okuvame ukuqhuma ngezinsuku zezikhungo zemali ezimele nokunyakaza okukhulu kohlobo lwemali. Ukuze uthole umongo owengeziwe, dwebela i-USD/JPY eceleni kwe-Nikkei ukuze ubone uxhumano lwe-yen lusebenza, noma ubuke zonke izimakethe ukuze uqhathanise iJapane namanye amazinga, ohlobo lwemali, nezimpahla eziyisisekelo.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Iyini i-Nikkei 225?
Yisilinganiso esiyinhloko semakethe yesitoko saseJapane, sakhiwe izinkampani ezingu-225 ezinkulu, ezinamandla, ezibhaliswe ku-Tokyo Stock Exchange. Sisindwa ngentengo futhi sishicilelwe kusukela ngo-1950, sigcinwe yiphephandaba lezezimali i-Nikkei.
Kungani i-yen ebuthaka ivamise ukukhuphula i-Nikkei?
Izinkampani eziningi ze-Nikkei zingabathumeli ngaphandle abathola imali phesheya. I-yen ebuthaka isho ukuthi lezo zinzuzo zangaphandle ziguqulwa zibe yi-yen eningi kakhudlwana, ikhulisa izinzuzo namamajini. I-yen eqinile yenza okuphambene, yingakho isilinganiso sivame ukunyakaza ngokuphambene nohlobo lwemali.
I-Nikkei 225 isindwa kanjani?
Isindwa ngentengo, ngakho ithonya lenkampani lincike entengweni yesabelo hhayi enanini layo lemakethe eliphelele. Izitoko zentengo ephezulu zingashintsha isilinganiso kakhulu kunezinkampani ezinkulu ezinamasheya ashibhile - kuhlukile kwiningi lezilinganiso ezisindwa ngenani lemakethe.
I-Bank of Japan ithinta kanjani isilinganiso?
I-BoJ imisa amazinga enzalo nenqubomgomo yezimali, okuthonya kakhulu i-yen. Inqubomgomo ekhululekile ivame ukwenza i-yen ibuthaka futhi isekele i-Nikkei, kuyilapho ukuqinisa kuvame ukwenza i-yen iqine futhi kube umoya ophambene esilinganisweni.
Yini eshukumisa i-Nikkei 225 usuku nosuku?
Amandla amakhulu kunazo zonke izinga le-dollar-yen, inqubomgomo ye-Bank of Japan, isidingo somhlaba jikelele sobuchwepheshe nezimoto, kanye nomuzwa obanzi wobungozi - kuhlanganisa nendlela i-Wall Street esebenze ngayo ebusuku.
Iyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Nikkei ne-TOPIX?
I-Nikkei 225 ilandelela izinkampani ezingu-225 ezikhethiwe futhi isindwa ngentengo, ngakho amasheya entengo ephezulu abusa. I-TOPIX ihlanganisa umkhakha obanzi kakhulu wezitoko ezibhaliswe eTokyo futhi isindwa ngenani lemakethe, inikeza umbono ogcwele kakhudlwana wemakethe jikelele.
Lesi sihloko sisenzelwe injongo yolwazi kuphela futhi akusona iseluleko sokutshala imali. Amazinga esilinganiso angaguquguquka, futhi ukusebenza kwangaphambilini akuqinisekisi imiphumela yesikhathi esizayo. Yenza ucwaningo lwakho ngaphambi kokwenza noma yisiphi isinqumo sezimali.