Nikkei 225: babban ma'aunin kasuwar hannun jari na Japan, a kai tsaye
Nikkei 225 shine babban lambar da ke wakiltar kasuwar hannun jari na Japan - lambar da ke gudana a allunan a Tokyo da ko'ina cikin duniya duk lokacin da mutane suka yi tambaya game da yadda tattalin arzikin Japan yake tafiya. Zanen TradingView na kai tsaye da ke sama yana bin diddigin ma'aunin a lokaci na ainihi, don haka za ka iya ganin yadda yake mayar da martani ga darajar yen, shawarwarin Bankin Japan (BoJ), da sauyin bukatar fasaha da motoci a duniya. Wannan shafi yana bayyana ainihin abin da Nikkei 225 yake auna, dalilin da ya sa yen ke da muhimmanci a gare shi, abin da yakan motsa shi, da yadda za a karanta zanen da kanka.
Menene Nikkei 225
Nikkei 225 ma'auni ne na kasuwar hannun jari wanda ya kunshi manyan kamfanoni 225 masu ruwa-ruwa da aka jera a Kasuwar Hannun Jarin Tokyo. Yana rufe fadin bangarori daban-daban - fasaha, motoci, injuna, siyar da kayayyaki, banki, da sauransu - kuma ana daukarsa a matsayin babban ma'aunin kamfanonin Japan. An fara buga shi a shekarar 1950 kuma jaridar Nihon Keizai Shimbun, jaridar tattalin arziki da ake kira Nikkei, ta kula da shi tun daga 1970, wanda daga can ne ma'aunin ya samo sunansa.
Wani fasali daya yana bambanta Nikkei da yawancin ma'aunan zamani: yana daukar nauyi bisa farashi, ba bisa darajar kasuwa ba. Wannan yana nufin tasirin kamfani ya dogara ne akan farashin hannun jarinsa maimakon jimillar darajar kasuwarsa. Hannun jari mai tsada zai iya shafar ma'aunin sosai fiye da babban kamfani wanda hannun jarinsa ke da arha kawai. Wannan fasali ya cancanci a tuna, saboda yana nufin kadan daga cikin sunaye masu tsada zasu iya haddasa manyan sauye-sauye na kullum. Domin karin fadi, ma'auni mai daukar nauyi bisa darajar kasuwa na Japan, 'yan kasuwa sukan duba TOPIX tare da Nikkei.
Ma'auni mai karkata zuwa fitarwa
Yawancin manyan mambobin Nikkei suna samun babban kaso na kudaden shigarsu daga waje. Masana'antun motoci, kamfanonin lantarki, da masu kera injunan masana'antu suna sayarwa ga Amurka, China, da Turai fiye da Japan kadai. Wannan karkata zuwa fitarwa yana da muhimmanci ga yadda ma'aunin ke aiki: idan bukatar duniya ta yi karfi, samun kudin shigar Japan yana hawa; idan bukatar kasashen waje ta ragu, riba na iya fadowa cikin sauri. Wannan kuma yana sanya ma'aunin damuwa ga rikice-rikicen kasuwanci da harajin fitarwa, saboda yawancin karfin samun kudin shigarsa yana wajen Japan.
Alakar da ke da muhimmanci da yen
Idan akwai alaka daya da ke fassara Nikkei 225, ita ce alakar da yen na Japan. Saboda yawancin kamfanonin da ke ciki masu fitarwa ne, ma'aunin yakan motsa akasin kudin: raunin yen sau da yawa yana daga Nikkei, yayin da karfin yen yakan matsawa shi.
Hanyar aiki mai sauki ce. Idan kamfani kamar Toyota ko mai kera injuna kamar Komatsu ya samu dala ko yuro daga waje sannan ya mayar dasu zuwa yen, raunin yen yana nufin cewa wadancan kudaden shigar waje suna mayar da su zuwa karin yen - riba mai yawa ba tare da wani canji a asalin kasuwancin ba. Karfin yen yana yin akasin haka, yana rage darajar sayarwar waje idan aka auna da kudin gida. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa babban motsi a farashin canjin dala-yen zai iya canza dukkan ma'aunin cikin mintuna. Za ka iya kallon bangaren kudin na wannan labarin a shafin USD/JPY.
Manufofin Bankin Japan
A bayan yen akwai Bankin Japan, babban bankin kasar. Shawarwarin kudin ruwa da manufofin kudinsa suna daga cikin manyan karfe da ke aiki a kan Nikkei. Manufofi masu sassauci sosai da kudin ruwa mai kadan yakan raunana yen, wanda ke tallafawa masu fitarwa kuma sau da yawa yana daga ma'aunin. Idan BoJ ya tsaurara - yana daga kudin ruwa ko yana sanar da cewa kudin sauki ya kare - yen yakan karfafa, wanda zai iya jawo Nikkei kasa ko da tattalin arziki gaba daya na lafiya ne. Bayan shekaru masu yawa na kudin ruwa kusa da sifili da mara kyau, sauyi a hankali zuwa manyan kudin ruwa ya sanya tarukan BoJ babban abu ga ma'aunin, kuma 'yan kasuwa suna lura da su sosai domin duka shawarar kudin ruwa da yanayin bankin.
Abin da ke motsa Nikkei 225
Yen din. Farashin dala-yen shine mafi kallo daga cikin dalilai. Raunin yen gaba daya yakan tallafawa ma'aunin; karfin yen yakan matsa masa.
Manufofin Bankin Japan. Shawarwarin kudin ruwa da sigina na manufofi suna motsa yen kuma ta hanyarsa, dukkan ma'aunin. Tsauri yakan zama cikas, sassauci kuma yakan zama taimako.
Bukatar fasaha da mota a duniya. Saboda ma'aunin ya dogara akan masu fitarwa, bukatar sinadaran (semiconductors), na'urorin lantarki, da motoci a Amurka, China, da Turai suna shafar tsammanin riba kai tsaye.
Ra'ayin hadari a duniya. A matsayin babbar kasuwar duniya, Nikkei sau da yawa yana daukar alamarsa daga Wall Street a daren jiya da kuma daga sauye-sauye masu yawa a sha'awar hadari, manufofin kasuwanci, da harkokin siyasar duniya.
Yadda ake karanta zanen
Ka fara da tsawon lokaci. Kallon mako ko na yau da kullum yana nuna babban salo, yayin da kallon cikin rana ke kama martani ga sabbin labarai - sanarwar BoJ, babban motsi a yen, ko zama mai karfi a fasahar Amurka. Ka lura da matakan da ma'aunin ya juya akai-akai a baya; wadancan wuraren tallafi da turjiya sukan kasance masu muhimmanci kuma. Ka kula da rashin tabbas a kewayen manyan abubuwan da suka faru, wanda yakan yi kwararowa a ranakun babban banki da manyan sauye-sauyen kudi. Domin karin fahimta, ka bude USD/JPY tare da Nikkei domin ganin alakar yen a aikace, ko ka duba dukkan kasuwannin domin kwatanta Japan da sauran ma'aunai, kudaden waje, da kayayyaki.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Menene Nikkei 225?
Shine babban ma'aunin kasuwar hannun jari na Japan, wanda ya kunshi manyan kamfanoni 225 masu ruwa-ruwa da aka jera a Kasuwar Hannun Jarin Tokyo. Yana daukar nauyi bisa farashi kuma ana buga shi tun 1950, jaridar Nikkei ce ke kula da shi.
Me yasa raunin yen sau da yawa yakan daga Nikkei?
Yawancin kamfanonin Nikkei masu fitarwa ne wadanda ke samun kudi daga waje. Raunin yen yana nufin wadancan kudaden shigar waje suna mayar da su zuwa karin yen, wanda ke daga riba da kaso. Karfin yen yana yin akasin haka, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ma'aunin yakan motsa akasin kudin.
Yaya ake daukar nauyin Nikkei 225?
Yana daukar nauyi ne bisa farashi, don haka tasirin kamfani ya dogara ne akan farashin hannun jarinsa maimakon jimillar darajar kasuwarsa. Hannun jari masu tsada zasu iya shafar ma'aunin sosai fiye da manyan kamfanoni masu hannun jari mai arha - daban da yawancin ma'aunan da ke daukar nauyi bisa darajar kasuwa.
Ta yaya Bankin Japan ke shafar ma'aunin?
BoJ na sanya kudin ruwa da manufofin kudi, wadanda ke shafar yen sosai. Manufofi masu sassauci sukan raunana yen kuma su tallafawa Nikkei, yayin da tsauri yakan karfafa yen kuma ya zama cikas ga ma'aunin.
Mene ne ke motsa Nikkei 225 kullum?
Manyan dalilai su ne farashin canjin dala-yen, manufofin Bankin Japan, bukatar fasaha da motoci a duniya, da ra'ayin hadari gaba daya - hada da yadda Wall Street ta yi aiki daren jiya.
Menene bambancin tsakanin Nikkei da TOPIX?
Nikkei 225 yana bin diddigin kamfanoni 225 da aka zaba kuma yana daukar nauyi bisa farashi, don haka hannun jari masu tsada suke mamayewa. TOPIX yana rufe babban rukunin kamfanoni na Tokyo kuma yana daukar nauyi bisa darajar kasuwa, yana bayar da cikakken hangen kasuwar gaba daya.
Wannan labarin domin bayani ne kawai kuma ba shawarar zuba jari ba ne. Matakan ma'auni na iya sauyawa sosai kuma tsohon aiki baya tabbatar da sakamako na gaba. Ka yi bincikenka kafin dauke kowace shawarar kudi.