Isibali Se-FIRE Sokuthatha Umhlalaphansi

I-Calculator ye-FIRE / Impesheni Isebenza Kanjani

Umqondo ophathelene ne-FIRE ulula ukuwuchaza kodwa unzima ukuwenza: ukwakha isamba semali etshaliwe esikhulu ngokwanele sokuthi imibuyekezo esikhiqizayo ikwazi ukumboza izindleko zakho zokuphila, ukuze umsebenzi okhokhelwayo ube yinketho hhayi impoqo. Le calculator iguqula lowo mgomo ube izinombolo ezimbili eziqondile. Okokuqala, usayizi wesamba semali odingayo (i-"inombolo yakho ye-FIRE"). Okwesibili, isilinganiso esimane sokuthi mhlawumbe uzosifinyelela nini, kuye ngokuthi ukonga ngokungakanani, uchitha ngokungakanani, nokuthi izitshalo zakho zizuza ngokungakanani. Faka izinombolo zakho bese ithuluzi lidwebela ibhalansi yakho phambili unyaka ngonyaka kuze kufike endaweni yokugcina.

Akukho lapha okudinga iziqu zezimali. Imodeli isekelwe emithethweni embalwa esetshenziswa kabanzi, izicabango ezimbalwa ozilawulayo, kanye nesineke esiningi. Ngezansi yilokho lezo zinombolo zisho ngamazwi alula, ukuthi yiziphi izinsimu ezishintsha ngempela umphumela, kanye nalapho isibalo singaqiniseki khona ezweni lokoqobo.

I-FIRE isho ukuthini ngempela

I-FIRE imele u-Financial Independence, Retire Early (Ukuzimela Kwezimali, Ukuthatha Impesheni Ngaphambi Kwesikhathi). Ingxenye ethi "impesheni" ayiqiniseki ngokuphelele. Abanye abantu bayeka ngempela ukusebenza besemashumini abo amane; abaningi baqhubeka nemisebenzi yesikhashana, ezizimele, noma amaphrojekthi abathanda kodwa bengaseyi ncikile kuwo ngemali. Umugqa ojwayelekile ukuzimela: izitshalo zakho, hhayi umqashi wakho, yizo ezikhokha izindleko. Abantu bavame ukuzihlela ngezinhlobo ezinjenge-"lean FIRE" (impilo ehambisana nesabelomali esincane esamba semali esincane), "fat FIRE" (isabelomali esikhulu esidinga isamba semali esikhulu kakhulu), kanye ne-"coast FIRE" (usuvele ukonge okwanele ekuqaleni ukuze ukuhlangana kodwa kukufikise lapho ngesikhathi esijwayelekile sempesheni, ngisho noma umisa ukwengeza imali entsha).

Umthetho we-4% kanye nomgomo we-25x

Izinombolo ezimbili zisekela indlela yonke, futhi ziwumqondo ofanayo ngempela obhekwa ngaphambili nangemuva. Umthetho we-4% uvela kucwaningo iTrinity Study lika-1998, olwahlola imininingwane yezomlando yemakethe futhi lwathola ukuthi ukukhipha u-4% wesamba sakho semali esiqalayo ngonyaka wokuqala, bese ulungisa leso samba semali nge-inflation unyaka ngamunye ngemuva kwalokho, kunethuba eliphakeme lokuhlala isikhathi esingenani seminyaka engu-30. Umthetho we-25x uphambana nje: uma ungakwazi ukukhipha ngokuvikelekile u-4% ngonyaka, udinga izikhathi ezingu-25 wezindleko zakho zonyaka zonge, ngoba u-100% uhlukaniswe ngo-4% kulingana no-25.

Isibalo silula. Chitha u-40,000 amadola ngonyaka futhi umgomo wakho ungu-40,000 uphindwe ngo-25, okungu-1,000,000 amadola. Chitha u-60,000 futhi udinga u-1,500,000. Qaphela lokho lokhu kuveza: inombolo yakho ye-FIRE ilawulwa ngokuphelele izindleko zakho, hhayi imali yakho engenayo. Lowo mbono owodwa uguqula indlela abantu abacabanga ngayo ngokuonga nangempilo. Ukuze ubone ukuthi ibhalansi ekhulayo ihlangana kanjani izokungenisa lezi mgomo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-calculator yozuzo oluhlanganisiwe ihambisana kahle nalena.

Izikhombisi ezine

Uhambo lwakho oluya ekuzimeleni kwezimali lulawulwa izinsimu ezine, futhi i-calculator ikuvumela ukuzama ngazinye:

• Izinga lokonga — ingxenye yeholo lakho lasekhaya oyitshalayo esikhundleni sokuyichitha. Lesi yisikhombisi esinamandla kunazo zonke, futhi isizathu sichazwa ngezansi.
• Ukuchitha — izindleko zakho zonyaka zokuphila, ezimisa usayizi womgomo ngomthetho we-25x. Ukuchitha okuncane kunciphisa imigomo.
• Imibuyekezo — izinga lokukhula lokoqobo (ngemuva kwe-inflation) olilinganiselayo izitshalo zakho. Abahleli abaningi bafaka isilinganiso esisukela ku-4 kuya ku-7 phesenti, kodwa lokhu kuwuvo, hhayi isithembiso.
• Isikhathi — iminyaka yokuhlangana oyivumelayo. Ukuqala ngaphambi kwesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ukukhula kwakhelwa phezu kokukhula.

Kungani izinga lokonga libaluleke kunazo zonke

Kwalezo zikhombisi ezine, izinga lakho lokonga lenza umsebenzi ophindwe kabili, yingakho lilawula isibalo. Ukulinyusa kunemiphumela emibili ngasikhathi sinye. Kufaka imali eningi kusamba sakho semali njalo ngenyanga, ngakho ibhalansi ikhuphuka ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga elingaphezulu lokonga lisho ukuthi uphila ngokuncane, okwehlisa ngqo izindleko zakho zonyaka futhi ngenxa yalokho kunciphisa umgomo we-25x owubhekile. Uhamba uya endaweni yokuphumelela kanti futhi udonsela leyo ndawo yokuphumelela kuwe ngasikhathi sinye.

Yingakho abantu ababili abanemali engenayo efanayo bengase babe nezikhathi ezahlukene ngokuphelele. Umuntu ogcina u-15% weholo lakhe angase adinge cishe amashumi amane eminyaka ukufinyelela ekuzimeleni; umuntu ogcina u-50% angakufinyelela ngaphansi kweminyaka emibili, ngisho ngaphambi kokubala ukwenyuka kweholo. Imali engenayo iyasiza, kodwa igebe phakathi kwalokho okuholayo nalokho okuchithayo yilokho okwakha ingcebo. Ungahlela uhlelo oluphelele kanye nalelithuluzi usebenzisa isikhungo samacalculator wonke.

Izixwayiso zangempela

Umthetho we-4% uwusuka olusizo, hhayi isiqinisekiso, futhi abaphuma emsebenzini ngaphambi kwesikhathi kufanele bawuphathe ngokucophelela.

Ubungozi boshintsho lwemibuyekezo (sequence of returns risk). Amamakethe akakhiqizi imibuyekezo ehambisana ngokuncipha; ayangqubuzana. Uma ukwehla okusheshayo kwenzeka eminyakeni yokuqala emva kokuba usuyekile ukusebenza, uba udayisa izimpahla ngamanani aphansi ukumboza izindleko, okungalimaza isamba semali unaphakade ngisho nokuba imibuyekezo yesilinganiso kamuva ibukeka kahle. Ngoba umuntu othatha impesheni eneminyaka engu-45 angase adinge imali yakhe ihlale iminyaka engu-45 kuya kwengu-50 kunale minyaka engu-30 iTrinity Study eyaihlolayo, abaningi emphakathini we-FIRE basebenzisa izinga elivikelekile kakhulu lokukhipha elicishe libe ngu-3 kuya ku-3.5 phesenti.

I-Inflation. Umthetho we-4% ucabangela ukuthi ulungisa okukhishwayo phezulu nge-inflation unyaka ngamunye, kodwa isikhathi se-inflation ephakeme noma imibuyekezo ephansi njalo ingase isacindezela uhlelo. Njalo cabanga ngamagama eqiniso, alungiswe nge-inflation.

Impilo. Ikakhulukazi e-United States, ukuthatha impesheni ngaphambi kokufaneleka ku-Medicare kusho ukuthenga umshwalense wakho, okungengeza intengo enkulu futhi engaqinisekile esabelomalini sakho sonyaka. Leyo ndleko iphindela ngqo emgomweni wakho we-25x.

Intela nokunye. Isibalo se-25x asinaki intela. Ukukhishwa kwama-akhawunti empesheni ajwayelekile kuyakhokhiswa intela, ngakho imali yakho engasetshenziswa ingase ibencane kunenombolo enkulu ecashunwa. Izinguquko zomndeni, ukufuduka, kanye nokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside konke kungaguqula umfanekiso.

Lesi sihloko ne-calculator kunikezwa ngenhloso yolwazi nemfundo jikelele kuphela. Akulona iseluleko sezimali. Izilinganiso zisuselwa ezicabangweni ezingase zingasebenzi, futhi isimo sakho siyingqayizivele. Cabanga ukukhuluma nochwepheshe wezimali ogunyaziwe ngaphambi kokwenza izinqumo.

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