Inani Le-Palladium Isheshi Eliphilayo

Ipalladium: insimbi eyigugu ephila futhi ife ngenjini yemoto

I-Palladium iyinsimbi eyigugu, kodwa ayiziphathi njengeyodwa. Igolide iyindlela yokugcina inani, isiliva ime phakathi kwemali nemafemu, futhi iplatinamu isabalalisa isidingo sayo phakathi kwezicebo, amamoto, kanye nokutshalwa kwemali. I-Palladium incane kakhulu: iningi elikhulu kakhulu lisebenza umsebenzi owodwa, ukuhlanza umoya ongcolile emotweni ze-petrol nezikaphetroli. Ukuncishiswa lokho yikho okwenza intengo yayo ihluke kangaka, ithambekele ekushodeni okude nasekugxumeni okunamandla. Ishadi eliphila elingenhla lilandelela imakethe ye-palladium ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi isifinyezo sokuhlaziywa kwezobuchwepheshe sicutshungula amaphawu avamile abe ukufunda okusheshayo. Leli khasi lakhelwe ukulandelela nokuqonda imakethe, hhayi ukwenza ukuhweba, ngakho akukho lutho okumele ubhalise kulo.

I-Palladium iyini ngempela

I-Palladium ingenye yezinsimbi eziyisithupha zeqoqo le-platinum, into esimhlophe ekhanya, evelakancane, eqinile futhi eyi-catalyst ehle kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuchazayo yi-autocatalyst, i-honeycomb ngaphakathi kwe-catalytic converter eguqula amagesi omoya angcolile ayingozi abe amanye angeqondile kakhulu. Cishe amaphesenti angu-80 kuya ku-85 esidingo sonke se-palladium avela emkhakheni wamamoto, lapho iyi-catalyst ebusa khona ezimotweni ze-petrol nezikaphetroli, kuhlanganise nama-hybrid. Okusele kusabalele ncane ku-electronics, ezokwelapha amazinyo, ama-catalyst e-chemical, ukuhlanzwa kwe-hydrogen, kanye nengxenye encane yezicebo nokutshalwa kwemali.

Lolo hlobo lwesidingo olungalingani yiqiniso elibaluleke kakhulu ngepalladium. Izinsimbi eziyigugu eziningi zinemikhono eminingi esekela intengo. I-Palladium empeleni inomkhono owodwa, futhi lapho lowo mkhono uthintitha, yonke imakethe iyanyakaza.

Ibha ye-palladium ekhanyayo eduze kwesheshadi lentengo elikhanyayo ngombala we-cyan negolide esizindeni esimnyama se-indigo navy — I-Palladium iyinsimbi evelakancane yeqoqo le-platinum enentengo yayo ehlobene cishe ngokuphelele nokusetshenziswa okukodwa.

Yini eshukumisa intengo ye-palladium

Ngoba isidingo sincishisiwe kangaka nokutholakala kuncane kangaka, izinto ezimbalwa zihudula cishe konke.

Isidingo samamoto nemithetho yokungcolisa umoya. Uma ukudayiswa kwezimoto kuqinile futhi imithetho yokungcolisa umoya iqina, imoto ngayinye idinga insimbi eyi-catalyst eningi, futhi isidingo se-palladium siyakhuphuka. Uma umjikelezo wamamoto uncipha, isidingo siyancipha. Into eshintsha esikhathini eside ukujikela kumamoto agijima ngogesi, angasebenzisi nhlobo i-catalyst yomoya ongcolile. Ushintsho olusheshayo oluya kumamoto agijima ngogesi luyingcuphe yesakhiwo, kuyilapho ukuncipha kokusetshenziswa kwamamoto agijima ngogesi, ngabathengi behlala emamotweni e-petrol nama-hybrid isikhathi eside, kusekela i-palladium.
Ukutholakala okuqinile kakhulu, okuncishisiwe. Amazwe amabili kuphela abusa ukutholakala kwamamayini. I-Russia, ikakhulukazi nge-Norilsk Nickel, umthombo omkhulu kunayo yonke, futhi amamayini eqoqo le-platinum ase-South Africa anikeza iningi lokusele, ngakho womabili la mazwe ahlanganisiwe abalwa ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-75 e-palladium yomhlaba wonke. Iningi layo livela phansi njengengxenye yokumbiwa kwe-nickel ne-platinum, okusho ukuthi abakhiqizi abakwazi ukukhulisa noma ukwehlisa ukukhiqizwa ukuze balandelele intengo ye-palladium. Ukunciphisa amamayini, izinkinga zamandla, izitraka, kanye nezijeziso konke kulimaza kakhulu ngoba kuncane okuseleyo.
Ezombangazwe nezijeziso. Indima ebalulekile ye-Russia yenza i-palladium izwele kakhulu ezombangazweni. Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kwe-Ukraine ngo-2022, ukuthumela kuqondene nabathengi baseNtshonalanga kwaphazamiseka futhi insimbi yathunyelwa ngezindlela ezingaqondile. Noma yikuphi ukuqiniswa kwezijeziso noma amanani amasha entela angasongela ukususa ingxenye enkulu yokutholakala cishe ngobusuku obubodwa, okuyinto imakethe ehlela ngokushesha.
Ukufakwa esikhundleni neplatinamu. I-Palladium neplatinamu zingafakana esikhundleni komunye komunye kuma-autocatalyst e-petrol. Iminyaka eminingi i-palladium yayihweba ngenani eliphakeme kakhulu kuneplatinamu, kunikeza abakhiqizi bezimoto isikhuthazi esiqinile sokuphinda bakhe ama-converter babuyele ensimbini eshibhile. Lokho kufakwa esikhundleni kusebenza njengophahla oluncane phezu kwe-palladium kanye nesicabha esincane ngaphansi kweplatinamu, ngakho amazinga amabili kungcono kubukwe ndawonye.
Idola lase-US kanye nomjikelezo omkhulu wezimali. I-Palladium ibalwa ngamadola, ngakho idola eliqinile livame ukuyicindezela kuyilapho idola elibuthaka livame ukuyisekela. Umjikelezo obanzi nawo ubalulekile: izinsimbi zamafemu njenge-palladium ngokuvamile ziqina ngesikhathi somnotho okhulayo futhi zibuthaka ekwehleni komnotho, lapho izimoto ezimbalwa zithengwa.

Ungabona indlela i-palladium ihlala ngayo phakathi kwamathuluzi ahlobene kuzonke izimakethe.

Umfanekiso ongaqondile okhanyayo we-catalytic converter kanye nomdwebo wokugeleza kwamagesi angcolile ngombala we-cyan phezu kwe-navy emnyama nomugqa wentengo okhanya ngegolide — Ukutholakala okuncishisiwe kanye nesidingo esishukunyiswe ngumthetho wokungcolisa umoya kwenza i-palladium ithambekele ekugxumeni okunamandla.

Umlando wokugxuma okunamandla

Ukuhlangana kwe-palladium kokutholakala okuncane nesidingo esincishisiwe kukhiqize eminye yezinyakazo ezidlulele kunazo zonke kunoma iyiphi insimbi. Ngo-2019 kuze kube ngasekuqaleni kuka-2020, ukushoda kokutholakala kweminyaka eminingi kanye nokuthenga okunamandla kwabahwebi kwaqhubela intengo isondele ku-2,900 dollar nge-ounce. Ubhubhane wagqashula lowo mkhuphuko, i-palladium yalahlekelwa cishe uhhafu wenani layo ngaphansi kwenyanga njengoba imnotho ivalwa. Yabuye yakhula futhi yaphusha yaya ezingeni eliphezulu ngaphezu kuka-3,400 dollar nge-ounce ngoMashi 2022, lapho ukuhlaselwa kwe-Russia e-Ukraine kwaqubula ukwesaba ukuthi izijeziso zizovala umkhiqizi omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni. Ngemuva kwaleyo ngqongqo yehla kanzima iminyaka eminingi njengoba ukukhathazeka nge-EV kanye nesidingo esibuthaka samamoto sicindezela imakethe, ngaphambi kokuzinza emazingeni aphansi kakhulu. Isifundo esivela eshadini ukuthi i-palladium ingahamba iminyaka bese inyakaza kakhulu ngezindaba zokutholakala, ngakho umongo nesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu.

Indlela yokufunda ishadi

Ishadi likhombisa intengo ngokwesikhathi, ngokuvamile njenge-candlesticks. Ikhandlela ngalinye limboza ingxenye eyodwa yesikhathi, futhi umzimba walo ubonisa lapho intengo yavuleka futhi yavaleka khona, kuyilapho ama-wick amancane ebonisa okuphezulu nokuphansi. Uhla lwamakhandlela enza okuphezulu okuphezulu kakhulu nokuphansi okuphezulu kakhulu kubonisa ukukhuphuka; okuphambene kubonisa ukwehla; ukugudluka ngokuvundlile kusho ukuthi imakethe ayinqumile. I-moving average ithambisa umugqa ukuze amandla abonakale kalula, futhi ama-support and resistance amazinga lapho abathengi noma abadayisi bengene khona ngokuphindaphindiwe, benza njengoba isicabha nophahla kuze kudabuke okukodwa. Shintsha isikhathi ukuze kufanele umbuzo wakho: ukubuka phakathi nosuku nokubuka iminyaka eminingi yepalladium kutshela izindaba ezahlukene kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yomlando wensimbi yokugxuma, ukubuka isikhathi eside kufanele kubukwe ikakhulukazi. Isexwayiso esisodwa esiqotho, izikhombisi zichaza okuvele kwenzeka. Azibikezeli, futhi asikho isu elisebenza njalo.

Kwaziswa kuphela. Akukho lutho kuleli khasi oluyiseluleko sokutshala imali, futhi imininingwane yemakethe ingase ibambezeleke noma ingapheleli. Yenza ucwaningo lwakho ngaphambi kokwenza noma yisiphi isinqumo sezezimali.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

I-Palladium isetshenziselwani?

Cishe amaphesenti angu-80 kuya ku-85 esidingo se-palladium avela kuma-autocatalyst, ingxenye engaphakathi kwe-catalytic converter ehlanza umoya ongcolile emotweni ze-petrol nezikaphetroli, kuhlanganise nama-hybrid. Okusele kuya ku-electronics, ezokwelapha amazinyo, ama-catalyst e-chemical, kanye nengxenye encane yezicebo.

Yini eshukumisa intengo ye-palladium?

Ikakhulukazi isidingo samamoto nemithetho yokungcolisa umoya, ukutholakala okuncishisiwe kakhulu okugxile e-Russia nase-South Africa, ingcuphe yezombangazwe neyezijeziso, ukufakwa esikhundleni okungaba khona ne-platinamu, kanye namandla edola lase-US. Ngoba isidingo sincike kakhulu kumamoto, umjikelezo wamamoto uyabusa.

Kungani ukutholakala kwe-palladium kuncishisiwe kangaka?

Amazwe amabili, i-Russia ne-South Africa, akhiqiza ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-75 e-palladium yomhlaba wonke, futhi iningi layo liyingxenye yokumbiwa kwe-nickel neplatinamu. Lokho kusho ukuthi ukukhiqizwa akukwazi ukukhuliswa kalula, ngakho izitraka, izinkinga zamandla, ukunciphiswa kwamamayini kanye nezijeziso kushaya imakethe kanzima.

I-Palladium ihlukile kanjani neplatinamu?

Zombili yizinsimbi zeqoqo le-platinum ezisetshenziswa kuma-autocatalyst, kodwa i-palladium ibusa ama-converter e-petrol nawezikaphetroli kuyilapho iplatinamu ivame kakhulu ku-diesel futhi futhi inesidingo esikhulu sezicebo nokutshalwa kwemali. Zombili zingafakana esikhundleni komunye komunye, ngakho amanani azo avame ukubukwa ndawonye.

Kungani i-palladium ibe nezinyakazo zentengo ezinamandla kangaka?

Ukutholakala okuncane, okuncishisiwe kuhlangana nesidingo esisondela kakhulu kumamoto, ngakho izikhahlamezo ezincane zinyakazisa intengo kakhulu. I-Palladium yaqhubela ku-2,900 dollar ngasekuqaleni kuka-2020, yaphahlazeka ngesikhathi sobhubhane, yase ifinyelela ezingeni eliphezulu ngaphezu kuka-3,400 dollar ngoMashi 2022 ngaphambi kokuwa kakhulu.

Ingabe noma yikuphi kwalokhu kuyiseluleko sokutshala imali?

Cha. I-speedor.net ikhombisa intengo ye-palladium neshadi kwaziswa kuphela. Yenza njalo ucwaningo lwakho futhi ucabangele iseluleko sochwepheshe ngaphambi kokwenza noma yisiphi isinqumo sezezimali.