Yadda ake lissafin kowane kaso cikin ɗari a sauƙaƙe
Kason cikin ɗari yana bayyana ko'ina: kuɗin bakshish a ƙasan bill na gidan cin abinci, sitika ta rangwame ja a taga kantin sayarwa, harajin siyarwa da ake ƙarawa a kanti, ƙarin albashin da shugabanka ya alkawarta, alamun jarrabawa. Kalmar tana kama da wadda take da wahala, amma kaso cikin ɗari kawai sashi ne wanda ƙasan lambar tabbatacce ce 100. Idan ka san wanne cikin tambayoyi guda huɗu masu sauƙi kake yi, kowace matsalar kason cikin ɗari take zama layin lissafi guda ɗaya. Wannan shafin yana bi ta cikin waɗannan tambayoyi guda huɗu tare da misalan ainihi na kullum, kuma na'urar lissafin da ke bisa take yi maka lissafin nan take.
Mecece X% na Y?
Wannan tambaya ce da kake yi idan ka riga ka san kason kuma kana son sanin adadin. Ma'aunin lissafi mai sauƙi ne: ka juya kason cikin ɗari zuwa lambar goma ta hanyar raba shi da 100, sannan ka riɓanya shi da jimlar lambar.
X% na Y = (X ÷ 100) × Y
Misali na ainihi (bakshish): abincin daren ka kai $60 kuma kana son barin bakshish na 18%. Wannan shi ne (18 ÷ 100) × 60 = 0.18 × 60 = $10.80. Ka ƙara shi zuwa bill ɗin sai ka biya $70.80. Irin wannan lissafin yana amsa "mecece harajin siyarwa 8% a kan riga mai kuɗi $45?" — 0.08 × 45 = $3.60, don haka rigar tana kai $48.60 a wurin biya.
X wane kaso ne cikin ɗari na Y?
A nan kana da adadai biyu kuma kana son sanin yadda suke kwatanta a matsayin kaso cikin ɗari. Ka raba sashin da gaba-ɗayan sannan ka riɓanya da 100.
Kaso cikin ɗari = (X ÷ Y) × 100
Misali na ainihi (maki): ka samu maki 42 daga cikin maki 50 mai yiwuwa a jarrabawa. Wannan shi ne (42 ÷ 50) × 100 = 0.84 × 100 = 84%. Wannan hanyar tana gaya maka cewa idan ka ajiye $1,500 don hutu mai kuɗi $6,000, kai (1500 ÷ 6000) × 100 = kaso 25 cikin ɗari na hanya zuwa can.
Karuwar kason cikin ɗari
Idan wata lamba take girma kuma kana son bayyana girman a matsayin kaso cikin ɗari, ka fara lissafa bambancin, sannan ka raba da ƙimar asali. Lambar farawa koyaushe take zuwa a ƙasa — wannan shi ne kuskuren da mutane suka fi yin sa.
Kaso na karuwa = ((Sabon − Tsohon) ÷ Tsohon) × 100
Misali na ainihi (hauhawar farashi): katin sufuri na wata ya tashi daga $80 zuwa $92. Bambancin shi ne $12, don haka ((92 − 80) ÷ 80) × 100 = (12 ÷ 80) × 100 = 15%. Tafiyarka ta yau da kullum ta zama tsada da kaso 15 cikin ɗari yanzu. Irin wannan ma'aunin yana magance ƙarin albashi: albashin da ya motsa daga $50,000 zuwa $54,000 ƙari ne na (4000 ÷ 50000) × 100 = kaso 8 cikin ɗari.
Raguwar kason cikin ɗari
Faɗuwa tana amfani da ainihin dabarar dai-dai — bambancin yana fitowa a matsayin marar kyau (negative), wanda kawai yana nuna faɗuwa.
Kaso na raguwa = ((Tsohon − Sabon) ÷ Tsohon) × 100
Misali na ainihi (rangwame): takalma mai kuɗi $120 aka rage zuwa $90. Faɗuwar $30 ce, don haka (30 ÷ 120) × 100 = rangwame 25 cikin ɗari. A gefe guda, idan ka ga alamar "rangwame 30% a kan $120", ajiyar shi ne 0.30 × 120 = $36 kuma za ka biya $84.
Bambancin kason cikin ɗari (idan babu "asali")
Wani lokaci babu wata lamba da ta zama wurin farawa — kawai kana son sanin nisan tsakanin ƙimomi biyu. Ka raba bambancin da matsakaicin ƙimomin biyu.
Kaso na bambanci = (|A − B| ÷ ((A + B) ÷ 2)) × 100
Misali na ainihi: wani kanti yana sayar da kettle a $40, wani kuma a $50. Gibin $10 ne, matsakaicin kuwa $45, don haka (10 ÷ 45) × 100 ≈ 22%. Ka lura wannan yana daidaitawa: ba shi da muhimmanci wace farashi kake kira A da wace kake kira B.
Dabarun tunani mai sauri guda biyu
Musanya lambobin. X% na Y koyaushe daidai take da Y% na X. Lissafa 16% na 25 yana kama da wahala, amma 25% na 16 kawai rubu'in 16 ne — wato 4. Amsa iri ɗaya, amma da ƙarancin kokari.
Ka gina daga 10% da 1%. Don samun 10% na kowace lamba, ka koma dige-dige (decimal) matsayi ɗaya zuwa hagu: 10% na 240 shi ne 24. Don samun 1%, ka koma matsayi biyu: 1% na 240 shi ne 2.40. Daga waɗannan tubalai biyu za ka iya ginin kusan komai — 15% shi ne 10% ƙari da rabinsa (24 + 12 = 36), kuma 17% shi ne 10% + 5% + 2% (24 + 12 + 4.80 = 40.80). Wannan daidai yake da yadda ake auna girman bakshish a kai yayin da mai hidima yake jira.
Don girma na dogon lokaci inda kowace shekara take ginuwa bisa ta baya, kason cikin ɗari suna tara juna maimakon ƙarawa kawai — gwada na'urar lissafin riba mai jujjuyawa namu. Hakanan za ka iya bincika cikakken jerin na'urorin lissafi kyauta namu don raba biyoyi, jujjuya kayan aunawa da sauransu.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Yaya zan lissafa kaso cikin ɗari na wata lamba?
Raba kason cikin ɗari da 100 don samun lambar goma, sannan ka riɓanya da lambar. Don 20% na 150, lissafa 0.20 sau 150, wanda daidai yake da 30.
Yaya zan gano wane kaso cikin ɗari lamba ɗaya take na wata?
Raba sashin da gaba-ɗayan sannan ka riɓanya da 100. Idan 42 daga cikin tambayoyi 50 sun yi daidai, wannan shi ne 42 a raba da 50 sau 100, wanda daidai yake da kaso 84 cikin ɗari.
Menene ma'aunin canjin kason cikin ɗari?
Ka rage tsohuwar ƙima daga sabuwar ƙima, ka raba da tsohuwar ƙima, sannan ka riɓanya da 100. Hauhawa daga 80 zuwa 92 shi ne 12 a raba da 80 sau 100, wanda daidai yake da karuwa kaso 15 cikin ɗari. Sakamako mara kyau (negative) yana nuna raguwa.
Me ya sa nake raba da lambar asali don canjin kason cikin ɗari?
Domin ana auna canjin ne dangane da inda ka fara. Raba da sabuwar ƙima maimakon haka yana ba da wata lamba dabam kuma mai ruɗi, don haka lambar asali (ta farawa) koyaushe take zuwa a ƙasa.
Menene bambanci tsakanin canjin kason cikin ɗari da bambancin kason cikin ɗari?
Canjin kason cikin ɗari yana da tabbataccen kafin da bayan, don haka yana raba da ƙimar asali. Bambancin kason cikin ɗari yana kwatanta ƙimomi biyu ba tare da wurin farawa ba, don haka yana raba da matsakaicinsu kuma yana zama iri ɗaya ko a wace hanya ka juya su.
Shin X kaso cikin ɗari na Y daidai yake da Y kaso cikin ɗari na X?
Eh, koyaushe suna daidaita. 8 kaso cikin ɗari na 50 da 50 kaso cikin ɗari na 8 dukansu suna daidai da 4. Musanya lambobin yakan sa lissafi ya fi sauƙi a yi a kai.