Intengo kakolweni: ishadi eliphilayo, amakusasa kanye nokushukumisa imakethe
Ukolweni ngenye yezinhlobo ezintathu ezinkulu zokudla emhlabeni, ndawonye nelayisi nommbila, futhi ondla izigidigidi zabantu ngesinkwa, i-pasta, ama-noodle kanye nofulawa. Ngoba umhlaba omningi uncike kuko, intengo kakolweni ibhekwa ngokucophelela abalimi, abagayi, abaphekayo isinkwa, ohulumeni kanye nabahwebi. Ishadi kulesi khasi lilandelela isilinganiso somhlaba jikelele ngesikhathi sangempela, ukuze ulandelele imakethe njengoba inyakaza futhi ubeke izihloko zosuku esimweni esifanele.
Ukolweni njengokudla okuyisisekelo somhlaba kanye nemakethe yamakusasa
Isihloko sentengo esivamile abantu abasixoxa sivela emakethe yamakusasa. Ikhonteraka elibhekwe kakhulu ukolweni kaChicago soft red winter (SRW), oluhweba e-CBOT ngophawu lokuhweba ZW. Ikhonteraka elivamile lihlanganisa ama-bushel angu-5,000 futhi lithengiswa ngamasenti aseMelika nge-bushel, kanye nekhonteraka elincane le-mini lama-bushel angu-1,000 kwabathathi ngxenye abancane. Kukhona nezinye izilinganiso zokolweni, njenge-Kansas City hard red winter kanye ne-Minneapolis hard red spring, ngayinye ibonisa uhlobo nesifunda sokulima esihlukile. Amakusasa avumela abakhiqizi ukuvala intengo yokuthengisa nabathengi ukuvala izindleko, kanti intengo ephilayo, ebuyekezwa njalo, isebenza njengesilinganiso sezivumelwano zokudla ngesikhwama emhlabeni jikelele. I-USDA isebenzisa unyaka wentengo yokolweni kusukela ngo-June 1 kuya ku-May 31, okubalulekile ukukukhumbula uma ufunda imibiko yesivuno nezitoko.
Yini eshayela intengo kakolweni
Ukolweni ungumkhiqizo oshukunyiswa ukuhlinzeka, futhi okuguquguqukayo okukhulu kunazo zonke isimo sezulu. Isomiso, ukubanda okwephuze, imvula eyeqile ekuvuneni kanye nengcindezi yokushisa ngesikhathi sokugcwala kokhweshu konke kungehlisa isivuno futhi kukhuphule amanani ngokushesha. Ngokuphambene, uchungechunge lwezimo ezinhle zokukhula ezindaweni eziyinhloko kungagcwalisa imakethe ngokudla bese kucindezela phansi amanani. Ngoba ukolweni ulinywa kuwo wonke amazwekazi ahlala abantu futhi luvunwa ngezikhathi ezihlukene zonyaka, abahwebi babheka isimo sezulu cishe njalo.
Umshayeli wesibili omkhulu ukulingana phakathi kwabathumeli abakhulu. IRussia ingumthumeli kakolweni omkhulu, ihlinzeka cishe ingxenye yesihlanu yokuhweba komhlaba jikelele, ilandelwa yi-United States, iCanada, iFrance kanye nengxenye ebanzi ye-European Union, i-Ukraine, i-Australia kanye ne-Argentina. Uma omunye walaba bakhiqizi enesivuno esikhulu noma esibi, umthelela uphethuka emanani omhlaba. I-US ibalulekile ngokukhethekile esilinganisweni saseChicago, futhi izigaba zesikhathi ezingaphezulu zibonisi umkhiqizo waseMelika wehla emazingeni angakaze abonwe eminyakeni eminingi, uqinisa ukuhlinzeka.
Ukuphazamiseka kokuthumela nengxabano kungashintsha imakethe ngokushesha kunanoma yisiphi isivuno. IRussia neUkraine ndawonye zihlanganisa cishe ingxenye yesine kuya kwesithathu yokuthumela kokolweni komhlaba unyaka nomunye. ngakho isifunda seBlack Sea siyindawo yengcindezi. Lapho iRussia ihlasela iUkraine ekuqaleni kuka-2022, amakusasa okolweni akhuphuka ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-50 ngamasonto ambalwa njengoba abahwebi besaba ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kuzovinjelwa. Noma yini esongela izindlela zezikhwama zokudla, ukungena kwezikhungo noma ukuhlinzekwa komanyolo kuvame ukubonakala entengweni.
Idola laseMelika lingelinye levaya. Ukolweni uthengiswa ngamadola emakethe yomhlaba, ngakho uma idola liqina, ukolweni uba nezindleko eziphakeme kubathengi abasebenzisa ezinye izimali, okungehlisa isidingo futhi kucindezele intengo phansi. Idola elibuthaka livame ukwenza okuphambene nalokho. Izindleko zezinsiza nazo zibalulekile: uma umanyolo namafutha kushibhile futhi kuningi, abalimi bangalima futhi bavune kahle kakhudlwana, okwengeza ukuhlinzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ekugcineni kukhona isidingo, esizinzile kakhulu kunokuhlinzeka kodwa esingacwathiki. Ukukhula kwabantu, izinguquko zokudla, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo eziphansi kwezokudla kwezilwane, kanye nokugcinwa kokudla kukahulumeni konke kuthinta ukuthi umhlaba ufuna ukolweni ongakanani. Abathengi abakhulu njenge-Egypt, i-Algeria, i-Indonesia nabanye bangashintsha amanani uma bengena emakethe ngezicelo ezinkulu.
Inkathi kanye nokufunda ishadi
Ukolweni ubonisa amaphethini enkathi aphindaphindekayo ngoba izitshalo zilinywa futhi zivunwe ngekhalenda. Amanani avame ukuba nengcindezi ngesikhathi sesivuno seNyakatho, cishe maphakathi nonyaka, lapho ukuhlinzeka okusha kufika, futhi angaqina ekuqaleni kwesizini uma isivuno sisemhlabeni futhi ubungozi besimo sezulu buphezulu kakhulu. Lawa maphethini ayithambekelo, hhayi isiqinisekiso: isomiso e-US Plains noma inkinga eBlack Sea kungaphula ngokuphelele ukwehla okujwayelekile kwenkathi, ngakho inkathi kungcono ukuyisebenzisa njengesizinda, hhayi isibikezelo.
Ukufunda ishadi eliphilayo, qala ngesikhathi. Ukubuka usuku noma isonto kubonisa umkhondo obanzi, kanti izikhathi ezimfushane zithwebula ukusabela emibikweni nasezihlokweni. Bheka amazinga e-support and resistance lapho intengo iphindaphinde iphenduke khona, futhi qaphela ivolumu eduze nemibiko emikhulu ye-USDA njengombiko wenyanga we-WASDE wokuhlinzeka nesidingo, ovame ukubangela ukunyakaza okusheshayo kakhulu. Isifinyezo sokuhlaziya kobuchwepheshe ngaphansi kweshadi sihlanganisa izinkomba ezivamile zibe ukufundwa okusheshayo okulodwa, okuyindlela esheshayo yokulinganisela ushukumo, kodwa iyisiqalo hhayi isinqumo.
Ukuze uthole isizinda esibanzi, qhathanisa ukolweni nezimakethe ezihlobene kwikhasi lethu le-zonke izimakethe, noma bheka ummbila, ovamise ukunyakaza ngokuvumelana ngoba lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zincintisana ngezindawo zokulima nesidingo sokudla kwezilwane.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Intengo kakolweni ibalwa ngayiphi ingqikithi?
Isilinganiso saseChicago sithengiswa ngamasenti aseMelika nge-bushel. Ikhonteraka elivamile lamakusasa lihlanganisa ama-bushel angu-5,000, futhi isilinganiso sentengo esincane kunazo zonke ingxenye eyi-quarter yesenti, elilingana namadola angu-12.50 aseMelika ngekhonteraka.
Yiziphi izwe ezithumela ukolweni okuningi kunazo zonke?
IRussia ingumthumeli omkhulu kunazo zonke, ihlinzeka cishe ingxenye yesihlanu yokuhweba komhlaba, ilandelwa yi-United States, iCanada, iFrance kanye nengxenye ebanzi ye-European Union, i-Ukraine, i-Australia kanye ne-Argentina.
Kungani amanani okolweni enyakaza kakhulu kangaka?
Ukolweni ushukunyiswa ukuhlinzeka, ngakho isimo sezulu, ubukhulu besivuno kanye nokuthumela kusuka emazweni ambalwa kubusa. Ingxabano, ukuphazamiseka kokuthumela, amandla edola laseMelika kanye nezinguquko zesidingo konke kungabangela ushintsho olukhulu.
Ingabe ukolweni ushibhile ngesikhathi sesivuno?
Amanani avame ukuthamba ngesikhathi sesivuno seNyakatho njengoba ukuhlinzeka okusha kufika, kodwa lokhu kuyithambekelo kuphela. Ushukumo lwesimo sezulu noma ukuphazamiseka kokuthumela kungehlula iphethini yenkathi ejwayelekile.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-SRW, i-HRW kanye nokolweni wentwasahlobo uyini?
Zinhlobo ezihlukene ezilinywa ezindaweni ezihlukene. I-soft red winter (SRW) ihweba eChicago, i-hard red winter (HRW) eKansas City kanye ne-hard red spring eMinneapolis, ngayinye inesilinganiso sayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo.
Ngingakwazi yini ukuhweba ukolweni kulesi khasi?
Cha. Leli khasi lelokulandelela intengo ephilayo kanye nokufunda okuyishukumisayo. Akukho i-akhawunti futhi akukho lutho okumele ubhalise, futhi okuqukethwe kungolwazi, hhayi iseluleko sotshalomali.
Lesi sihloko sokwazisa kuphela futhi asilona iseluleko sotshalomali. Amanani ezimpahla ziyantengantenga futhi kufanele wenze ucwaningo lwakho ngaphambi kokuthatha noma yisiphi isinqumo sezezimali.