Izikhali Zepetoli EJamany: Ubani Abashayeli BaJamany Bahlangana Nenani Eliphakamile Kukupompini
IJamany ibe zezinkundla ezinepetoli epakamile kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Umkela cishe $2.049 ngekhona igazoline — cishe $7.76 ngekhona lengalethu, noma cishe €1.80 ngekhona ekupompini — IJamany isakhela 152nd kuzontathu zezinkundla, okusho ukuthi kuphela izinkundla eziyishumi nesisiginci ezikhiphela ngaphezu. Lokhu kusho kuphakamile kakhulu isilinganiso somhlaba zika $1.484 ngekhona. Idizili ikhiphela kancane kakhulu cishe $1.946 ngekhona, okumisela intela elinde okwethulwa abashayeli basikwisimbili ye-olira.
Okwenza Izikhali Zepompini ZeJamany
Isizathu sinkulungile yintela. IJamany ayisiyazi eya yengezikhali ezinkulu — inengeneza cishe onke i-crude — ngakho izikhali ze-commodity esengeneza umuntu womuntu nowithile emishweni wabakithi. Kukhala elilodweni, umuntu woJamany uthenya i-energy tax (Energiesteuer, indlela yedlela Mineralölsteuer), isikhali 19% sokweneza imikhulu (VAT) okusebenziswa imihlu yonke nezintela yentha noma okubo omuntu, futhi kusukela 2021 entela enkulu ye-CO₂ ethezi every year. Intela kanye neintela kathathu zibambalala kuphakamile kokukhala okuthathe ekupompini, okusho inkinga iPetoli IJamany ayibuguquki umuntu oyindlela i-crude ihla kodwa iphakamele ngokushesha i-crude iphakame.
Ikhona imali. Ngoba IJamany isebenzisa i-euro, izikhali ze-dollar ezingenhla zebuguquka i-EUR/USD exchange rate noma uma izikhali ze-euro zendawo zili-flat. I-euro ebulayo yakwazi i-crude engeneza umuntu wonke i-dollar ikhiphela kakhulu, okulindela ngqo ekupompini. Umthwalo uwelekile kumhlaza wonke e-eurozone — abalinganani e-Ireland futhi e-Italy bakhiwa umthwalo ofanelo weintela ye-ekscayizi kanye ne-euro exposure.
Isenzo somuntu sominyaka eyishumi
Umlando ubisisiseko indaba edrama. Phakathi kuJulay 2016 neJuni 2026, igazoline yeJamany yephakamela cishe $1.777 ngekhona. Isikhali esincane sifikela 27 Ephreli 2020, lapho izikhali yehla kukhokela $1.31 ngekhona njengoba pandemic ukubekwa sekuthweswe i-crude yomuntu wonke. Ukunikwa kwanda 14 Matshi 2022 okufika $2.506 ngekhona, kukunikwa okwazisigameni kwedlela ye-Ukraine, lapho izikhali zoshuthi yaseMerika kuphakamela. Namuhla $2.049 kuphakamele kuseceleni sominyaka eyishumi kodwa kuphakamela esigeni leso 2022 ukunikwa — okusho ukuthi isihali sigcine kancane kunokubhadela esigeni esishone.
Isithuluzi sokulandelela singazo: izikhali ezibalulekile eJamany ziyaphakamela, ayihli. Intela enkulu ye-CO₂ ivulayo ivungisa izikhali emkhathini ngaphezu kwesikhathi ukusho abantu basuke i-fossil-fuel futhi isiphamali amazwe izimvelo, ngakho noma i-crude somhlaba ihlale kuthina, abashayeli bayamele ube lelongile nomthwalo wetela obubuguquki omuntu wakhandzanya.
Izikhali zeJamany Ziyafana Kanjani
Izikhali zeJamany zenza umhlaba wonke ubukeka umuhle kancane. Izinkundla enemanyala ne-oyile kanye nezindawo ezincane neintela eliphakame noma engeneza intela — kusukela eBelize eseduze nacentral yeAmerika kuya umhlaza wePacific we Wallis ne-Futuna — ubonisa ingaka ye-oyile izikhali zeJamany kodwa ideologies hhayi izikhali ze-oyile. Ukubuya lapho izinkundla zonke zendawo, bheka itafula eliphelele zezinkundla zepetoli somhlaba.
Imibuzo Ejwayelekile
Ubani ipetoli ibizeleyo kakhulu eJamany?
Inintela kakhulu. IJamany inengeneza cishe onke i-crude, ngakho etheza intela yeshuthi, 19% VAT kuzikhali yonke, kanye neintela ye-CO₂ ethezi. Kunye, intela nentela kathathu zibambalala kuphakamile kokukhala ekuthathe ekupompini, okuthela igazoline kufikela $2.049 ngekhona ($7.76 ngekhona engalethu).
Idizili ikhiphela kuncane kuneigazoline eJamany?
Yebo. Idizili ikhokela cishe $1.946 ngekhona kune $2.049 igazoline, ngoba idizili inentela engu-energy emvinyini. Lokhu kuvimbela abashayeli basebenzisa izimoto zidizili, noma intela ye-CO₂ icube inzuzo yokuthathe.
Yiziphi izikhali zepetoli ephakamile kanye elincane eJamany kulaminyaka eyishumi?
Igazoline yehla kukhokela $1.31 ngekhona on 27 Ephreli 2020 ngaphandle kokubheka pandemic futhi izikhali zephakamela $2.506 ngekhona on 14 Matshi 2022 emva kwe-Ukraine. Isilinganiso seminyaka eyishumi sikhokela cishe $1.777 ngekhona.