Kungani Ipalethi Yemibala Emihle Ithwala Ukuklama Konke
Khetha imibala engalungile futhi abantu bayakuzwa ngaphambi kokuthi bakwazi ukukuqamba. Ikhasi lifunda njengeliphansi, uphawu lubukeka lungahlanzekile, ishadi liba yimisindo. Khetha eyiyona futhi umsebenzi uyavele uhambe kahle: uzwakala uhlosiwe, uzolile, ulula ukubukwa. Umbala wenza umsebenzi omningi othulile, ubeka isimo, uholela ilihlo, futhi utshela umfundi ukuthi yini ebalulekile kunazo zonke. Ngakho ipalethi akuyona into oyifaka ekugcineni. Kuyisinqumo osithatha ekuqaleni, futhi cishe konke okunye kuncike kuyo.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi awudingi iziqu zobuciko ukuze uthole isikimu esiqinile. Udinga imithetho embalwa kusuka enkolelweni yemibala kanye nendlela esheshayo yokuzama imibono. Yileyo ngempela into isikhiqizi esenzelwe yona: sikuvumela ukuthi ushanele izinhlanganisela eziningana ngesikhathi okade kwakuthatha ukubhuqa esisodwa.
Inkolelo Yemibala, Ngaphandle Kwamagama Ayinkimbinkimbi
Ukuvumelana okuningi kusuka kumbono owodwa olula: lapho imibala ihlala khona kusuka komunye komunye esondweni. Funda amaphethini amane futhi ungakwazi ukufunda noma ukwakha cishe noma yisiphi isikimu.
- I-Complementary isebenzisa imibala emibili ephambene ngqo, njengoluhlaza namunhlophe. Inamandla amakhulu futhi ilungele ukuheha ukunaka, nakuba okuningi kwakho konke kombili kulwela ukugxila, ngakho vumela owodwa ahole bese usebenzisa omunye njengokugcizelela.
- I-Analogous isebenzisa imibala emithathu ehlalisene, njengobomvu, orenji, nesiphuzi. Iphansi ngomehluko, izolile, futhi uhlobo lokuvumelana olubona endalweni yonke. Kulula emehlweni, kodwa kungadingeka wengeze umehluko kwenye indawo ukuze izinto zingabi flat.
- I-Triadic isebenzisa imibala emithathu ehlukaniswe ngokulinganayo esondweni, njengobomvu, isiphuzi, noluhlaza. Ikhanya futhi ilinganisiwe, isebenza kahle uma umbala owodwa ubusa kanti eminye emibili isekela.
- I-Monochromatic ilokhu inamathele embaleni owodwa futhi ishintsha ukukhanya nokugcwala kwawo. Yisona sikimu esithembekile kunazo zonke, sihlanzekile futhi sihlangene, futhi kuyisu elihle uma lutho olunye lungezwakali kahle.
Isikhiqizi esingahleliki simnandi ukukhuthaza, kodwa amamodi okuvumelana yilapho inzuzo yangempela ihlala khona. Agcina imibala yakho ihlobene ngokwezibalo, ngakho ibonakala sengathi ihambelana ngisho ngaphambi kokuba uyilungise.
I-HEX, I-RGB, ne-HSL Ngamazwi Alula
Umbala ngamunye owukopisha uza ngezindlela ezimbalwa zokubhala, futhi zonke zichaza into efanayo ngezindlela ezahlukene.
I-HEX yikhodi enezinhlamvu eziyisithupha oyibona kakhulu, njengo-#3A7BD5. Yibomvu, luhlaza, noluhlaza kuphakathwa kuchungechunge olulodwa, izinhlamvu ezimbili ngazinye. Iyafinyeza futhi yileyo ozoyifaka ku-CSS noma ithuluzi lokuklama.
I-RGB ichaza lawo maqhaza amathathu afanayo njengezinombolo kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-255, njengo-rgb(58, 123, 213). Umbala ofanayo, ulungele kakhulu ukufundwa, futhi uwusizo lapho ufuna umqhaza we-alpha wokubonakala.
I-HSL ichaza umbala ngendlela abantu bacabanga ngayo ngempela: i-hue (ukuthi imbala mani, 0 kuya ku-360 amadigri esondweni), i-saturation (ukuthi ukhanya kangakanani), kanye ne-lightness (ukuthi ukukhanya kangakanani). Iyifomethi elula kakhulu yokushintsha ngesandla, njengoba ukusunduza ukukhanya noma i-saturation kwenza ngqo lokho oyikulindele ngaphandle kokuqagela. Uma udinga ukushintsha phakathi kwamafomethi, ukuguqula okusheshayo kwe-HEX kuya ku-RGB kwenza kube lula.
Ungakhohlwa Umehluko Nokufinyeleleka
Ipalethi ingabonakala ihle futhi ihluleke ngomzuzu othile ezama ukufunda umbhalo phezu kwayo. Umehluko yilapho okuhle kuhlangana nokusebenza. Iziqondiso ze-Web Content Accessibility Guidelines zibeka isilinganiso esicacile: umbhalo womzimba ovamile kufanele ufinyelele isilinganiso somehluko esingenani u-4.5:1 ngokumelene nendawo engemuva, futhi umbhalo omkhulu okungenani u-3:1. Lokho akuwona umthetho oyisiwula, kungumehluko phakathi komfundi ohamba ngesivinini ekhasini lakho nalowo ocija amehlo, alahle ithemba, futhi ahambe.
Isu elisebenzayo ukuhlola imibala yakho engaphambili nengemuva njengoba wakha, hhayi ngemuva. Umbala omhlophe ngokugcwele phezu komhlophe ungabukeka uhle esibonelweni sokuqala futhi ungabonakali efonini emini. Uma inhlanganisela ihluleka, uvame ukudinga ukusunduza umbala owodwa kube mnyama noma ukhanye, hhayi ukulahla sonke isikimu. Gcina imibala yakho egqamile yezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu ezimbutholo, izixhumanisi, kanye nokugqamisa esikhundleni sokugcwalisa umbhalo omude, futhi uzogwema iningi lezinkinga zomehluko ngaphambi kokuba ziqale.
Umsebenzi Osebenzayo
Nampa amanyathelo asebenza kuzo zonke amaphrojekthi. Qala ngombala owodwa oqiniseka ngawo, ngokuvamile umbala webrand noma umbala ohambisana nesimo osifunayo. Uwuvale, bese uvumela isikhiqizi sakhe ukuvumelana okuzungeze wona. Cishana kokuxhumana, ukuvumelana, kanye ne-triadic kuze kube khona okuzwakala kufanele, futhi ungacabangisisi kakhulu ukuzama kokuqala; usela indlela, hhayi impendulo yokugcina.
Uma usunayo isibonelo, nikeza indima nganye. Khetha umbala obusayo wendawo engemuva nezindawo ezinkulu, owesibili wesakhiwo, kanye nogqamisa owodwa onamandla wezingxenye ezidinga ukugqama. Ukuhlukaniswa okulula okungu-60-30-10, kusuka kobusayo kuya kowesibili kuya kogqamisa, kugcina izinto zilinganisiwe ngaphandle kokuzwakala kuqinile. Bese uhlola umehluko kuwo wonke umbhalo, ukopishe amakhodi e-hex, futhi sekwenzekile. Gcina lezo ezisebenzayo, ngoba ipalethi oyithole yaphumelela kuphrojekthi eyodwa ivame ukuba yimbewu yephrojekthi elandelayo. Uma usukulungele ukuqhubeka nokwakha, okusele kwiqoqo lethu le-zonke izikhiqizi kungaphatha ezinye izingxenye.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Ingabe leli thuluzi lokukhiqiza ipalethi yemibala limahhala ukulisebenzisa?
Yebo. Lisebenza ngokuphelele ku-browser yakho, akukho ukubhalisa, futhi ungakhiqiza amapalethi amaningi ngangokufisa ngaphandle kwenkokhelo.
Yini umehluko phakathi kwepalethi engahleliki neyavumelana?
Ipalethi engahleliki ikunika imibala emihlanu engahlobene yokukhuthaza. Isikimu esivumelanayo, njenge-complementary noma i-triadic, sigcina imibala ihlobene ngezibalo esondweni lemibala, ngakho ibukeka ilinganisiwe futhi ihlosiwe ndawonye.
Ngikopisha kanjani ikhodi yombala?
Chofoza ikhodi ye-hex ngaphansi kwaso sonke iswatshi bese ikopisha kuclipboard yakho. Ungabe usuyikopisha ngqo ku-CSS, ithuluzi lokuklama, noma noma yikuphi lapho uyidinga khona.
Kusho ukuthini umehluko we-WCAG futhi kungani kufanele ngikhathazeke ngawo?
I-WCAG isimo esisezingeni lokufinyeleleka kwewebhu. Icela isilinganiso somehluko esingenani u-4.5:1 phakathi kombhalo ovamile kanye nendawo engemuva ukuze abantu bafunde okuqukethwe kwakho ngokukhululekile, kufaka phakathi abanokubona okuphansi.
Yikuphi ukuvumelana kombala okufanele ngikukhethe?
Kuncike esimweni. I-complementary inesibindi futhi inamandla amakhulu, i-analogous izolile futhi iyemvelo, i-triadic ikhanya futhi ilinganisiwe, kanti i-monochromatic ihlanzekile futhi ithembekile. Zama ezimbalwa ubone ukuthi yiliphi elifanele iphrojekthi yakho.
Ngingakwazi ukuguqula imibala ibe yi-RGB noma i-HSL?
Yebo. Umbala ngamunye uhambisana ne-HEX, i-RGB, ne-HSL njengoba zonke zichaza ivelu efanayo. Sebenzisa ithuluzi lethu le-HEX kuya ku-RGB uma udinga ukushintsha amafomethi ngokushesha.