Amakhodi wesimo se-HTTP achaziwe, kusukela ku-200 kuya ku-503
Njalo uma isiphequluli sakho sicela into eseva, iseva iphendula ngenombolo enamadijithi amathathu ngaphambi kokuthumela emuva noma iyiphi i-HTML, isithombe, noma i-JSON. Leyo nombolo yikhodi yesimo se-HTTP, futhi iyindlela eseva encane yokusho okwenzekile: ikhasi likhona, lisusiwe, awuvunyelwe ukungena, noma okuthile kwephuka ohlangothini lwethu. Isikhathi esiningi awukaze ubone lawa makhodi ngoba konke kuyasebenza futhi ikhasi liyavele lifike. Kodwa umzuzu i-website ingaziphathi kahle, ikhodi yesimo iwuphawu lokuqala okumele lifundwe.
Izinombolo azilokothi zenzeke ngengozi. Idijithi yokuqala ihlela zonke izimpendulo zibe kwelinye lamakhaya amahlanu, ngakho ngisho ikhodi ongayijwayele ikutshela cishe ukuthi yini ephazamisekile ngenombolo yayo ehamba phambili. Funda lawo makhaya amahlanu bese ukwazi ukufunda cishe noma iyiphi impendulo ngokushesha.
Amakhaya amahlanu
1xx okwaziswayo. Iseva iyithole isicelo sakho futhi isasebenza kuso. Lawa ambalwa ekuphequluleni kwansuku zonke futhi ngokuvamile aphathwa ngokuthula phakathi kwesiphequluli neseva. 100 Continue yisibonelo esidume kakhulu, sitshela ikhasimende ukuthi kulungile ukuthumela okusele komzimba wesicelo esikhulu.
2xx impumelelo. Isicelo sisebenzile. 200 OK yileyo ofuna ukuyibona usuku lonke, isho ukuthi isibonisi sitholiwe futhi sisendleleni ebuyayo. 201 Created ivela ngemva kokuthi uthumele ifomu noma i-API ekhiqiza okuthile okusha, kanti 204 No Content isho ukuthi isenzo siphumelele kodwa akukho okuzokhonjiswa.
3xx ukuphindisela. Lokho okucelile kuhlala kwenye indawo, futhi isiphequluli ngokuvamile silandela ngokuzenzakalela. Ukuphindiselwa kugcina izixhumanisi ezindala ziphila futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ekuklolodweni kokusesha.
4xx iphutha lekhasimende. Okuthile ngesicelo kwakungalungile ohlangothini lwakho: i-URL embi, ukungena okungekho, noma isibonisi esingekho. Iseva iyaphila; ayikwazi kuphela ukwamukela lokho okuthumele.
5xx iphutha leseva. Isicelo sakho sasilungile, kodwa iseva ikhubekile ngesikhathi iphatha sona. Lezi zikhomba kwingqalasizinda yesayithi, hhayi kuwe.
Amakhodi aqondile abantu abawabhekayo ngempela
200 OK impumelelo ecacile. Ikhasi noma idatha kulayishwe njengoba kwakulindelekile.
301 Moved Permanently itshela iziphequluli kanye nezinjini zokusesha ukuthi ikhasi linekhaya elisha eliqinile. Lokhu ukuphindiselwa okuhle kwe-SEO, ngoba kudlulisela amaphawu okuklolodwa kusuka ku-URL endala kuya kwentsha. Sebenzisa lokhu uma ushintsha i-URL unomqondo wokuhlala kanjalo.
302 Found ukuphindiselwa okwesikhashana. I-URL yasekuqaleni isayiyo yangempela, ngakho izinjini zokusesha ziyaqhubeka nokuyibhalisa esikhundleni sesiphetho. Sebenzisa i-302 kuphela uma ukuhamba kuwukwesikhashana ngempela, njengokuqondisa abasebenzisi ekhasini lokwehla lenkathi ethile.
304 Not Modified iyiqhawe elithulile lokuphequlula okusheshayo. Itshela isiphequluli ukuthi ikhophi esele ise-cache yayo isasebenza, ngakho iseva iyeka ukuthumela kabusha ifayela. Idatha encane, amakhasi asheshayo.
400 Bad Request isho ukuthi iseva ayikwazanga ngisho ukuqonda isicelo, ngokuvamile ngenxa yesakhiwo esingahambisani noma ipharamitha engalungile.
401 Unauthorized icishe isho ukuthi "angazi ukuthi ungubani, sicela uqinisekise ubunikazi bakho." Awunazo izimpawu zokugunyaza ezisebenzayo.
403 Forbidden ihlukile: iseva iyazi ukuthi ungubani futhi isanqaba nokho. Awunayo imvume, futhi ukungena kabusha ngeke kusize.
404 Not Found yikhodi edume kakhulu kunazo zonke. Iseva iyaphila futhi ikuphendulile, kodwa akukho lutho kulelo kheli. Ngokuvamile ivela esixhumanisini esithayipwe kabi noma ikhasi elisusiwe noma elithuthwe ngaphandle kokuphindiselwa.
429 Too Many Requests isho ukuthi ubekelwe umkhawulo. Uthumele izicelo eziningi ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, futhi iseva icela ukuthi wehlise ijubane. Ama-API asebenzisa lokhu njalo.
500 Internal Server Error yimpendulo evamile ethi "okuthile kwephukile." Iseva ithole isimo esingalindelekile futhi yayeka, kodwa ayisho ukuthi yini. Hlola izimbiko zeseva.
502 Bad Gateway ivela lapho enye iseva, esebenza njengesango noma i-proxy, ithola impendulo engalungile evela eseva esemuva. Ngokuvamile uphawu lokuthi uhlelo lwangemuva luwile noma alutholakali.
503 Service Unavailable isho ukuthi iseva okwamanje isindwa noma ivaliwe ngenxa yokulungiswa. Ngokuhlukile no-500, ikhomba ukuthi inkinga ingeyesikhashana futhi isayithi kufanele libuyele masinyane.
Okusho amakhodi wesimo kwi-SEO nokuxazulula izinkinga
Ekuklolodweni kokusesha, umehluko phakathi kuka-301 no-302 yiwo obamba abantu. Ukuhamba okuqinile kufanele njalo kusebenzise i-301 ukuze ikhasi elisha lithole amandla ekhasi elidala; i-302 endaweni engalungile ingashiya izinjini zokusesha zibhalisa i-URL yasekuqaleni futhi zihlukanise amaphawu akho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinombolo eziningi ze-404 ziyachitha isabelo sokuklolodwa futhi zicasule izivakashi, ngakho kunosizo ukuphindisela noma ukulungisa izixhumanisi ezephukile esikhundleni sokuzishiya zibole.
Ekuxazululeni izinkinga, umkhaya ukutshela lapho kufanele ubheke khona. I-4xx ikhomba esicelweni, ngakho hlola i-URL, ama-header, kanye nezimpawu zokugunyaza. I-5xx ikhomba eseva, ngakho hlola izimbiko zohlelo lokusebenza, izinsizakalo zangaphezulu, kanye nokuthi ukusatshalaliswa okusha akubanga inkinga yini. Umfudumezo we-502 ne-503 uvame ukusho ukuthi ohlangothini lwangemuva luwile noma lusindwa esikhundleni seliphutha lekhodi. Ungahlolisisa isimo eqondile isayithi elisibuyisayo ngamathuluzi ethu omthuthukisi, futhi uma i-5xx ibukeka njengenkinga yoxhumano esikhundleni sephutha lohlelo lokusebenza, ukuhlola okusheshayo kwe-DNS kungaqinisekisa ukuthi idomeni isabhekisa ekhelini elifanele.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Ingabe iphutha le-404 libi kuwebsite yami?
Ama-404 ambalwa avamile futhi awalimazi. Izinkinga ziqala uma amakhasi athandwayo ebuyisela i-404 noma lapho izixhumanisi zangaphakathi ezephukile zibunda, zichithe isabelo sokuklolodwa futhi zicasule izivakashi. Phindisela amakhasi athuthiwe futhi ulungise izixhumanisi ezimbi.
Yini umehluko phakathi kokuphindiselwa okuka-301 nokuka-302?
301 iqinile futhi idlulisela amaphawu okuklolodwa ku-URL entsha, ngakho isebenzise uma ikhasi lihamba ngokuqinile. 302 iyesikhashana futhi igcina i-URL yasekuqaleni ibhalisiwe, ngakho isebenzise kuphela ekuhambeni kwesikhashana.
Yini umehluko phakathi kuka-401 noku-403?
401 isho ukuthi awukaqinisekisi ubunikazi bakho, ngakho ukungena kungase kukulungisele. 403 isho ukuthi iseva iyakwazi kodwa isanqaba ukukuvumela ngoba awunayo imvume, ngakho ukungena kabusha ngeke kusize.
Kusho ukuthini iphutha le-500 futhi ngingalilungisa kanjani?
I-500 Internal Server Error isho ukuthi iseva ithole iphutha elingalindelekile ngesikhathi iphatha isicelo sakho. Umlayezo unentando ukuba ujwayelekile, ngakho ukulungisa kuvame ukuqala ngokufunda izimbiko zeseva ukuthola isisusa sangempela.
Kungani ngithola ikhodi yesimo ye-429?
I-429 Too Many Requests isho ukuthi ubekelwe umkhawulo ngenxa yokuthumela izicelo ngokushesha kakhulu. Yehlisa ijubane, hlonipha noma iyiphi i-header ye-Retry-After iseva ekubuyisela yona, futhi wengeze ukubuyisela emuva izinhlelo namakhasimende e-API.
Kusho ukuthini i-503 Service Unavailable?
I-503 isho ukuthi iseva okwamanje ayikwazi ukuphatha isicelo, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokusindwa noma ukulungiswa okuhlelwe. Ikhomba inkinga yesikhashana, ngakho isayithi kufanele libuyele ngokwalo maduzane.