HEX da RGB: hanyoyi biyu na rubuta launi ɗaya
Kowane launi da kake gani a saman allo an haɗa shi ne daga hasken haske uku: ja, kore, da shuɗi. Ka ɗaga su duka uku sai ka samu fari; ka kashe su duka sai ka samu baƙi. HEX da RGB kawai su ne hanyoyi biyu na bayyana yadda kowace ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan tashoshi uku ya kamata ta yi haske. Suna nuna zuwa ainihin launi ɗaya, don haka kayan aikin canzawa mai kyau kawai yana fassara tsakanin tsarukan rubutu biyun ba tare da canza ainihin launin ba. Wannan shi ne abin da wannan kayan aikin yake yi, gaba ɗaya a cikin burauzarka, yayin da yake nuna maka misalin launi mai rai domin ka tabbatar da sakamakon da idanunka.
Yadda ake karanta lambar hex
Launin hex yana kama da #1E90FF. Alamar hash tana nuna farkon kawai; haruffa shida bayanta nau'i-nau'i uku ne, an rubuta su a tsarin #RRGGBB. Nau'i na farko ja ne, na biyu kore ne, na uku shuɗi ne. Kowane nau'i lamba ce da aka rubuta a hexadecimal, wato tushe 16, inda lambobi suke gudana daga 0-9 sannan A, B, C, D, E, F suna wakiltar 10 zuwa 15. Nau'i ɗaya na iya riƙe ƙimomi daga 00 (tasha gaba ɗaya kashe) har zuwa FF (gaba ɗaya buɗe). A cikin lamba ta yau da kullum wannan kewaye daga 0 zuwa 255 ne kawai, daidai sikelin da RGB take amfani da shi. Da matakai 256 masu yiyuwa a kowace tasha, tsarin lamba shida na iya bayyana launuka daban-daban guda 16,777,216.
Canzawa a kowace hanya, tare da misali
Domin ka je daga HEX zuwa RGB, ka raba lambar zuwa nau'i-nau'i uku sannan ka canza kowanne daga tushe 16 zuwa lamba ta yau da kullum. Ɗauki #1E90FF. Nau'in ja shi ne 1E: wato 1 an ninka shi da 16, an ƙara 14 (E), wanda ya kai 30. Nau'in kore 90 shi ne 9 an ninka shi da 16, an ƙara 0, wanda ya kai 144. Nau'in shuɗi FF shi ne 15 an ninka shi da 16, an ƙara 15, wanda ya kai 255. Don haka #1E90FF ya zama rgb(30, 144, 255) — shuɗin "dodger blue" mai sanannen suna.
Zuwa hanya ɗaya ita ce ainihin tsari a baya. Ka ɗauki kowace lambar RGB ka rubuta ta a matsayin haruffa hex biyu. Ja mai tsafta, rgb(255, 0, 0), tana bayar da FF, 00, da 00, waɗanda suke haɗuwa zuwa #FF0000. Wani abu da ya kamata ka tuna: idan ƙima ta kasa 16, har yanzu kana buƙatar haruffa biyu, don haka 5 ana rubuta ta 05 ba kawai 5 ba. Kayan aikin yana kula da wannan cikawa a madadinka, amma yana kama mutane idan suna yin sa da hannu.
Inda ake amfani da kowane tsari
HEX ita ce harshen yau da kullum na yanar gizo. CSS, HTML, da mafi yawan lambar da kake rubutawa suna neman lambobin hex domin suna da taƙaitawa kuma cikin sauƙi ake kwafe su. RGB takan bayyana a cikin kayan aikin ƙira da hoto — Figma, Photoshop, Sketch, da Illustrator yawanci suna nuna sliders ko fanni a kewayon 0-255, kuma manhajojin rikodin allo ko bidiyo sukan buƙaci RGB shi ma. Don haka kai kan ɗauki lambar hex daga wani salon fayil (stylesheet) ka buƙaci tsarin RGB ɗinta domin ka rubuta cikin wani panel na ƙira, ko akasin haka. Wancan tafiya-da-dawowa shi ne ainihin dalilin da ya sa mai canzawa yake da amfani. Idan kake buƙatar gina cikakken tarin inuwoyi masu dacewa maimakon fassara guda ɗaya, mai ƙirƙirar palette na launi namu ita ce mafi kyawun farawa, kuma za ka sami ƙarin kayan aiki kamar wannan a ƙarƙashin kayan aikin mai haɓakawa.
Alpha, gaskiya, da HSL
Tsarukan biyun suna da wani nau'i mai faɗaɗawa da yake ƙara gaskiya (transparency). RGB tana zama rgba(30, 144, 255, 0.5), inda ƙima ta huɗu ita ce alpha — 0 gaba ɗaya a gani ta ciki ne kuma 1 gaba ɗaya cikakke ne. HEX tana ƙara nau'i na huɗu domin manufa iri ɗaya, tana bayar da lambar hex ta haruffa takwas #RRGGBBAA; 80, misali, kusan kashi 50 cikin ɗari na gaskiya ne. Wasu masu canzawa kuma suna ba da HSL (hue, saturation, lightness), wanda yake bayyana launi ta hanyar da mutum zai iya tunani — ka zaɓi hue a kan dabaran, sannan ka sarrafa kaifin sa da hasken sa. HSL wani salon tunani ne daban maimakon wani palette daban, don haka yana iya zama mai sauƙin fahimta idan kake son ka matsar da launi ya zama mai haske ko mai laushi ba tare da sarrafa lambobi uku daban-daban ba.
Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
Shin alamar hash wani ɓangare ne na lambar hex?
Hash alama ce da take gaya wa CSS da kayan aikin ƙira cewa kana bayar da launin hex. Launin da kansa shi ne haruffa shida bayanta. Mafi yawan kayan aiki suna karɓar lambar tare ko ba tare da hash ba kuma suna ƙara ta a madadinka.
Menene bambanci tsakanin lambar hex mai haruffa 3 da 6?
Lambar haruffa 3 gajarta ce inda ake ninka kowace haruffa, don haka #1AF na nufin #11AAFF. Tana kaiwa launuka 4,096 kawai, yayin da cikakken tsarin haruffa 6 yake kaiwa fiye da miliyan 16.
Me ya sa lambar hex ɗina take da haruffa takwas?
Lambar hex mai haruffa takwas tana ƙara nau'i na huɗu domin alpha, ko gaskiya. Haruffa shida na farko har yanzu su ne ja, kore, da shuɗi, sai biyu na ƙarshe suna saita gaskiya daga 00 (a gani gaba ɗaya) zuwa FF (cikakke).
Shin lambobin hex suna bambanta manyan da ƙananan haruffa?
A'a. #1e90ff da #1E90FF suna bayyana ainihin launi ɗaya. Haruffan hexadecimal suna aiki iri ɗaya a manyan ko ƙananan haruffa, don haka ka yi amfani da wanda ƙungiyarka ta fi so.
Shin HEX da RGB suna taɓa bambanta a saman allo?
A'a. Idan suna bayyana ƙimomin tasha iri ɗaya, launi ɗaya ne. Duk wani bambanci da ake gani yakan fito ne daga kuskuren rubutu ko daga wata lambar da ke ɗauke da gaskiya wanda ɗayan ba ta ƙunsa ba.
Nawa launuka lambar hex ta yau da kullum za ta iya nunawa?
Lambar hex mai haruffa 6 tana ba da matakai 256 ga kowace daga cikin tashoshi uku, wanda idan aka ninka ya kai launuka 16,777,216 masu yiwuwa.